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🟠Growth🟠 > Motor Development 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Motor Development 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When is the onset and integration of primitive reflexes?

A
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2
Q

Some reflexes are present as early as _________ weeks gestation.

A

28 weeks

(About 6.4 months)

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3
Q

Reflexes in a typically developing child (should / should not) be obligatory

A

Should NOT

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4
Q

What is meant by “reflexes in a typically developing child should not be obligatory” ?

A

The infant should NOT do the reflex every time the stimulus is given.

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5
Q

True or false

The response depends on the state of the infant and the nervous system

A

True

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6
Q

Duration of Rooting

A

Birth to 3 months

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7
Q

Duration of spontaneous stepping

A

Birth to 2 months

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8
Q

Duration of suck/swallow

A

Birth to 2/5 months

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9
Q

Duration of Moro or Startle

A

Birth to 5/6 months

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10
Q

Log rolling with head/body movement
- neonatal NOB
- neonatal BOB

When is it present ?
When does it integrate ?

A

Present at or before birth

Integrates by 4-5 months when segmental rolling begins

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11
Q

Tonic labyrinthine reflex TLR

When is it present?
When is it integrated ?

A

Present at or before birth
Integrates at 6 months

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12
Q

Traction / Crossed extension / Flexor withdrawal / Proprioceptive Placing LE & UE

When are they present ?
When do they integrate ?

A

Present before birth
Integrates around 2 months

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13
Q

Plantar grasp duration

A

Birth to 9 months

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14
Q

Palmar grasp duration

A

Birth to 4/6 months

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15
Q

Galant duration

A

32 weeks to 2 months

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16
Q

Positive supporting (neonatal) duration

A

35 weeks to 2 months

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17
Q

ATNR duration

A

Birth to 4/6 months

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18
Q

STNR duration

A

4/6 months to 8/12 months

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19
Q

What are the automatic reactions + their BOS?

(BOS: base of support)

A

Righting reactions: Well within BOS

Tilting reactions : Close to edge of BOS

Equilibrium reactions: Close to edge of BOS

Protective reactions : Beyond BOS

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20
Q

Which automatic reaction is this?

  • Securing the head in space
  • Must develop in all planes
A

Righting reactions

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21
Q

Which automatic reaction is this?

  • Securing the body in space when being on a MOVABLE surface (moderate perturbation to surface)
A

Tilting reactions

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22
Q

Which automatic reaction is this?

Securing the body in space when being on a STABLE surface (moderate perturbation to the body)

A

Equilibrium reactions

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23
Q

Which automatic reaction is this?

Regaining balance when the center of mass has been pushed beyond the borders of the BOS .

A

Protective reactions

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24
Q

What is the purpose of righting reactions?

When is the onset and integration?

A

Purpose:
- to get into and maintain upright posture for locomotion
- righting of the head and body to the horizon or adjust parts of the body to the vertebral axis

Onset: birth - PERSISTS

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25
Q

Labyrinthine Righting
Optical Righting
Body on Head

( all are righting reactions)

Onset and integration ?

A

Birth - PERSISTS

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26
Q

Landau onset and integration

A

Onset: 3-4 months

Integrates: 12-24 months

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27
Q

I don’t know . Just read

A

Ok

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28
Q

Onset and integration of the rolling reactions (NOB and BOB)

A

Onset: 4-6 months
Integrates: 5 years

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29
Q

Duration of positive supporting UE and LE

A

UE: 3/6 months and PERSISTS

LE: 6/9 months and PERSISTS

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30
Q

Segmental rolling onset ?

A

6 months

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31
Q

This is an example of ?

A

Tilting reactions

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32
Q

This is an example of?

A

Protective reactions

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33
Q

This is an example of?

A

Equilibrium reactions

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34
Q

Onset of equilibrium/tilting reactions in different positions .

  • prone?
  • sitting/supine?
  • stance ?
A

Prone: 6 months
Sitting/supine : 7-8 months
Stance : 12-21 months

(Quadruped: 9-12 months ; i dont know what this means)

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35
Q

Onset of protective extension UE in different directions.

  • forward ?
  • sideways ?
  • backward ?
A

Forward: 6-7 months
Sideways: 7 months
Backward: 9 - 10 months

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36
Q

Onset of protective extension LE in different directions.

  • downward?
  • shifting ?
A

Downward: 4 months

Shifting: 15 to 18 months

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37
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : ATNR ( limbs move in response to head position)

Control with maturation : Child volitionally moves limbs independent of head position

A

Reflex control before cortical control

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38
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : neonate moves upper extremities in wide sweeps and at random

Control with maturation : Child gains control of individual joints to stabilize the shoulder for precise, visually directed reach and grasp

A

Total response before localized response

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39
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : child develops shoulder and hip stability

Control with maturation : Elbow then wrist, and knee, then ankle, stability develop.

A

Proximal control before distal control

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40
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : shoulders develop control and stability

Control with maturation : hips develop control and stability

A

Cephalic control before caudal control

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41
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : three ulnar fingers dominate first grasp

Control with maturation : thumb and index finger dominate pincer grasp, forefinger dominance develops

A

Medial control before lateral control

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42
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : child has motor control of mouth at birth

Control with maturation : child develops ability to fix eyes and focus

A

Cervical control before rostral control

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43
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : child stabilizes the shoulder and holds a baby bottle with both hands

Control with maturation : child picks up tiny pellets and puts them in a small bottle

A

Gross motor control before fine motor control

44
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : neonate is dominated by physiological flexion

Control with maturation : flexor tone loses dominance and extensor tone is more manifest to balance tone

A

Flexor muscle tone develops before extensor muscle tone

45
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : child lifts head in prone at 4 months of age

Control with maturation : child lifts head in supine at 5 months of age

A

Extensor antigravity control develops before flexor antigravity control

46
Q

What principle does the following belong to?

Earliest control : child bears weight on upper extremities flexed at elbows in prone-on-elbows

Control with maturation : child bears weight on extended elbows in prone-on-extended-arms and quadruped

A

Weight-bearing occurs on flexed extremities before on extended extremities

47
Q

Supine progression to rolling: Neonate

A

Disorganized movement
Physiological flexion

48
Q

Supine progression to rolling: 1 - 3 months

A

Asymmetry to symmetry
Random to purposeful movement
Visual tracking; increase ROM

49
Q

Supine progression to rolling: 4 - 6 months

A

Hands to feet
Bridging
Rolling prone to supine

50
Q

Rolling: when do the following occur?

  • Supine to side & ACCIDENTAL prone to supine
  • Prone to supine PURPOSEFUL
  • Supine to prone and back (SEGMENTAL)
A
  • Supine to side & ACCIDENTAL prone to supine: 3 - 4 months
  • Prone to supine PURPOSEFUL: 4 to 6 months
  • Supine to prone and back (SEGMENTAL): 7 - 9 months
51
Q

True or false

Rolling continues to develop through 12 months

A

True

52
Q

Prone progression to crawling: neonate

A

Full flexion
Can turn head side to side

53
Q

Prone progression to crawling: 1 month

A

Beginning to extend legs and lift head
Weight shifts back onto chest

54
Q

Prone progression to crawling: 1 to 3 months

A

Pelvis closer to the surface
Center of gravity back on the shoulders /upper chest
Head lift (about 45° and asymmetrical )
Weight on forearms & ulnar borders of hand

55
Q

Prone progression to crawling: 4 - 6 months

A

Increased use of trunk musculature
Weight moves back toward pelvis
Weight shifting
Pivot prone
Prone on elbows or extended arms
Beginning quadruped

56
Q

Prone progression to crawling: 7 - 9 months

A

Crawling progress to creeping
Beginning to creep upstairs and climb on furniture
Kneeling (on knees with butt off the floor)
Equilibrium reactions prone & supine

57
Q

Prone progression to crawling: 10 - 12 months

A

Creeping over legs
Plantigrade : creeping on hands and feet

58
Q

Prone progression to crawling: 14 - 16 months

A

Creeping up and down stairs

59
Q

Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 1 month

A

Full flexion
Head lag

60
Q

Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 1 - 3 months

A
61
Q

Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 4 - 6 months

A
62
Q

Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 7 - 9 months

A
63
Q

Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 10 - 12 months

A
64
Q

Standing progression to walking:
neonatal positive supporting and stepping

A

Birth to 2 months

65
Q

Standing progression to walking:
Astasia (bouncing)

A

2 to 6 months

66
Q

Standing progression to walking:
Mature positive supporting

A

6 to 9 months

67
Q

Standing progression to walking: 7 - 9 months

A
68
Q

Standing progression to walking: 10 - 12 months

A
69
Q

Standing progression to walking: 12+ months

A
70
Q

Characteristics of motor development at 12+ months

A
71
Q

What is the primary mode of mobility?

A

Walking

72
Q

Walking is essentially mature by ____________, and will have small improvements until the age of ___________.

A

3 years
7 years

73
Q

Changing in walking pattern over time

A
74
Q

When does this occur?

Sidestepping , walking fast, walking backward occurs after walking is achieved.

A

Beginning to the end of 1’s

75
Q

When does walking on tiptoes occur?

A

during 2’s ( 24 to 36 months)

76
Q

Which age is the following?

A

18 months

77
Q

Which age is the following?

A

2 years

78
Q

Which age is the following?

A

2 years 6 months

79
Q

Which age is the following?

A

3 years 6 months

80
Q

Which age is the following?

A

4 years

81
Q

Which age is the following?

A

6 to 7 years

82
Q

At what age do we see mature gait pattern 

A

6 to 7 years

83
Q

Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?

A

Asymmetrical or chronic pivot prone rotation.

84
Q

Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?

A

Commando crawling

85
Q

Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?

A

Bunny-hopping

86
Q

Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?

A

Bottom scooting, shuffling, hitching.

87
Q

What does running require?

A

Unilateral stance
LE strength and balance

88
Q

Running begins at the end of the ______ year and matures through age _______.

A

First year
Age 6

89
Q

Describe running at 19-24 months (end of 1’s)

A
90
Q

Body composition changes dramatically between which years

A

2 to 6 years

91
Q

Body composition changes dramatically between 2 to 6 years. What are these changes?

A
92
Q

Walking down stairs requires what?

A

Eccentric control and grading

93
Q

Age range for the following:

  • Step-to-pattern with rail :
  • Step-to-pattern without rail :
  • Alternating feet without rail:
  • descending alternating feet without rail:
A
  • Step-to-pattern with rail : 15-18 months
  • Step-to-pattern without rail : end of 1’s ( 19-24 months)
  • Alternating feet without rail: 3 years
  • descending alternating feet without rail: 3.5 years
94
Q

When does this occur ?

A

15-18 months (beginning of 1’s)

95
Q

When does this occcur?

A

19 - 24 months (end of 1’s)

96
Q

Fine motor: Grasping/Releasing

Read this

A

Ok

97
Q

When does the hand grasp reflex occur?

A

0 to 4 months

98
Q

When do we have the pincer grasp (index and thumb pad to pad)?

A

10 months

99
Q

When does grip release develop?

A

11 months

100
Q

How did grip release occur before the age of 11 months?

A

Relaxation of the fingers’ flexion

101
Q

What is this?

Onset ?

A

Ulnar Palmer Grasp ( no thumb involvement)

4 to 6 months

102
Q

What is this?

Onset ?

A

Radial digit grasp (beginning to get thumb involved)

6 to 8 months

103
Q

What is this?

Onset ?

A

Three-Jaw chuck grasp (pad of thumb and first two fingers)

8 to 9 months

104
Q

What is this?

Onset ?

A

Pincer grasp

8 to 12 months

105
Q

What is this?

Onset ?

A

Pokes with index finger

9 to 12 months

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