Motor Development 1 & 2 Flashcards
1
Q
When is the onset and integration of primitive reflexes?
A
2
Q
Some reflexes are present as early as _________ weeks gestation.
A
28 weeks
(About 6.4 months)
3
Q
Reflexes in a typically developing child (should / should not) be obligatory
A
Should NOT
4
Q
What is meant by “reflexes in a typically developing child should not be obligatory” ?
A
The infant should NOT do the reflex every time the stimulus is given.
5
Q
True or false
The response depends on the state of the infant and the nervous system
A
True
6
Q
Duration of Rooting
A
Birth to 3 months
7
Q
Duration of spontaneous stepping
A
Birth to 2 months
8
Q
Duration of suck/swallow
A
Birth to 2/5 months
9
Q
Duration of Moro or Startle
A
Birth to 5/6 months
10
Q
Log rolling with head/body movement
- neonatal NOB
- neonatal BOB
When is it present ?
When does it integrate ?
A
Present at or before birth
Integrates by 4-5 months when segmental rolling begins
11
Q
Tonic labyrinthine reflex TLR
When is it present?
When is it integrated ?
A
Present at or before birth
Integrates at 6 months
12
Q
Traction / Crossed extension / Flexor withdrawal / Proprioceptive Placing LE & UE
When are they present ?
When do they integrate ?
A
Present before birth
Integrates around 2 months
13
Q
Plantar grasp duration
A
Birth to 9 months
14
Q
Palmar grasp duration
A
Birth to 4/6 months
15
Q
Galant duration
A
32 weeks to 2 months
16
Q
Positive supporting (neonatal) duration
A
35 weeks to 2 months
17
Q
ATNR duration
A
Birth to 4/6 months
18
Q
STNR duration
A
4/6 months to 8/12 months
19
Q
What are the automatic reactions + their BOS?
(BOS: base of support)
A
Righting reactions: Well within BOS
Tilting reactions : Close to edge of BOS
Equilibrium reactions: Close to edge of BOS
Protective reactions : Beyond BOS
20
Q
Which automatic reaction is this?
- Securing the head in space
- Must develop in all planes
A
Righting reactions
21
Q
Which automatic reaction is this?
- Securing the body in space when being on a MOVABLE surface (moderate perturbation to surface)
A
Tilting reactions
22
Q
Which automatic reaction is this?
Securing the body in space when being on a STABLE surface (moderate perturbation to the body)
A
Equilibrium reactions
23
Q
Which automatic reaction is this?
Regaining balance when the center of mass has been pushed beyond the borders of the BOS .
A
Protective reactions
24
Q
What is the purpose of righting reactions?
When is the onset and integration?
A
Purpose:
- to get into and maintain upright posture for locomotion
- righting of the head and body to the horizon or adjust parts of the body to the vertebral axis
Onset: birth - PERSISTS
25
Labyrinthine Righting
Optical Righting
Body on Head
( all are righting reactions)
Onset and integration ?
Birth - PERSISTS
26
Landau onset and integration
Onset: 3-4 months
Integrates: 12-24 months
27
I don’t know . Just read
Ok
28
Onset and integration of the rolling reactions (NOB and BOB)
Onset: 4-6 months
Integrates: 5 years
29
Duration of positive supporting UE and LE
UE: 3/6 months and PERSISTS
LE: 6/9 months and PERSISTS
30
Segmental rolling onset ?
6 months
31
This is an example of ?
Tilting reactions
32
This is an example of?
Protective reactions
33
This is an example of?
Equilibrium reactions
34
Onset of equilibrium/tilting reactions in different positions .
- prone?
- sitting/supine?
- stance ?
Prone: 6 months
Sitting/supine : 7-8 months
Stance : 12-21 months
(Quadruped: 9-12 months ; i dont know what this means)
35
Onset of protective extension UE in different directions.
- forward ?
- sideways ?
- backward ?
Forward: 6-7 months
Sideways: 7 months
Backward: 9 - 10 months
36
Onset of protective extension LE in different directions.
- downward?
- shifting ?
Downward: 4 months
Shifting: 15 to 18 months
37
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : ATNR ( limbs move in response to head position)
Control with maturation : Child volitionally moves limbs independent of head position
Reflex control before cortical control
38
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : neonate moves upper extremities in wide sweeps and at random
Control with maturation : Child gains control of individual joints to stabilize the shoulder for precise, visually directed reach and grasp
Total response before localized response
39
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : child develops shoulder and hip stability
Control with maturation : Elbow then wrist, and knee, then ankle, stability develop.
Proximal control before distal control
40
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : shoulders develop control and stability
Control with maturation : hips develop control and stability
Cephalic control before caudal control
41
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : three ulnar fingers dominate first grasp
Control with maturation : thumb and index finger dominate pincer grasp, forefinger dominance develops
Medial control before lateral control
42
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : child has motor control of mouth at birth
Control with maturation : child develops ability to fix eyes and focus
Cervical control before rostral control
43
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : child stabilizes the shoulder and holds a baby bottle with both hands
Control with maturation : child picks up tiny pellets and puts them in a small bottle
Gross motor control before fine motor control
44
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : neonate is dominated by physiological flexion
Control with maturation : flexor tone loses dominance and extensor tone is more manifest to balance tone
Flexor muscle tone develops before extensor muscle tone
45
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : child lifts head in prone at 4 months of age
Control with maturation : child lifts head in supine at 5 months of age
Extensor antigravity control develops before flexor antigravity control
46
What principle does the following belong to?
Earliest control : child bears weight on upper extremities flexed at elbows in prone-on-elbows
Control with maturation : child bears weight on extended elbows in prone-on-extended-arms and quadruped
Weight-bearing occurs on flexed extremities before on extended extremities
47
Supine progression to rolling: Neonate
Disorganized movement
Physiological flexion
48
Supine progression to rolling: 1 - 3 months
Asymmetry to symmetry
Random to purposeful movement
Visual tracking; increase ROM
49
Supine progression to rolling: 4 - 6 months
Hands to feet
Bridging
Rolling prone to supine
50
Rolling: when do the following occur?
- Supine to side & ACCIDENTAL prone to supine
- Prone to supine PURPOSEFUL
- Supine to prone and back (SEGMENTAL)
- Supine to side & ACCIDENTAL prone to supine: 3 - 4 months
- Prone to supine PURPOSEFUL: 4 to 6 months
- Supine to prone and back (SEGMENTAL): 7 - 9 months
51
True or false
Rolling continues to develop through 12 months
True
52
Prone progression to crawling: neonate
Full flexion
Can turn head side to side
53
Prone progression to crawling: 1 month
Beginning to extend legs and lift head
Weight shifts back onto chest
54
Prone progression to crawling: 1 to 3 months
Pelvis closer to the surface
Center of gravity back on the shoulders /upper chest
Head lift (about 45° and asymmetrical )
Weight on forearms & ulnar borders of hand
55
Prone progression to crawling: 4 - 6 months
Increased use of trunk musculature
Weight moves back toward pelvis
Weight shifting
Pivot prone
Prone on elbows or extended arms
Beginning quadruped
56
Prone progression to crawling: 7 - 9 months
Crawling progress to creeping
Beginning to creep upstairs and climb on furniture
Kneeling (on knees with butt off the floor)
Equilibrium reactions prone & supine
57
Prone progression to crawling: 10 - 12 months
Creeping over legs
Plantigrade : creeping on hands and feet
58
Prone progression to crawling: 14 - 16 months
Creeping up and down stairs
59
Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 1 month
Full flexion
Head lag
60
Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 1 - 3 months
61
Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 4 - 6 months
62
Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 7 - 9 months
63
Sitting progression to scooting and transitions: 10 - 12 months
64
Standing progression to walking:
neonatal positive supporting and stepping
Birth to 2 months
65
Standing progression to walking:
Astasia (bouncing)
2 to 6 months
66
Standing progression to walking:
Mature positive supporting
6 to 9 months
67
Standing progression to walking: 7 - 9 months
68
Standing progression to walking: 10 - 12 months
69
Standing progression to walking: 12+ months
70
Characteristics of motor development at 12+ months
71
What is the primary mode of mobility?
Walking
72
Walking is essentially mature by ____________, and will have small improvements until the age of ___________.
3 years
7 years
73
Changing in walking pattern over time
74
When does this occur?
Sidestepping , walking fast, walking backward occurs after walking is achieved.
Beginning to the end of 1’s
75
When does walking on tiptoes occur?
during 2’s ( 24 to 36 months)
76
Which age is the following?
18 months
77
Which age is the following?
2 years
78
Which age is the following?
2 years 6 months
79
Which age is the following?
3 years 6 months
80
Which age is the following?
4 years
81
Which age is the following?
6 to 7 years
82
At what age do we see mature gait pattern 
6 to 7 years
83
Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?
Asymmetrical or chronic pivot prone rotation.
84
Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?
Commando crawling
85
Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?
Bunny-hopping
86
Which atypical locomotor behavior is this?
Bottom scooting, shuffling, hitching.
87
What does running require?
Unilateral stance
LE strength and balance
88
Running begins at the end of the ______ year and matures through age _______.
First year
Age 6
89
Describe running at 19-24 months (end of 1’s)
90
Body composition changes dramatically between which years
2 to 6 years
91
Body composition changes dramatically between 2 to 6 years. What are these changes?
92
Walking down stairs requires what?
Eccentric control and grading
93
Age range for the following:
- Step-to-pattern with rail :
- Step-to-pattern without rail :
- Alternating feet without rail:
- descending alternating feet without rail:
- Step-to-pattern with rail : 15-18 months
- Step-to-pattern without rail : end of 1’s ( 19-24 months)
- Alternating feet without rail: 3 years
- descending alternating feet without rail: 3.5 years
94
When does this occur ?
15-18 months (beginning of 1’s)
95
When does this occcur?
19 - 24 months (end of 1’s)
96
Fine motor: Grasping/Releasing
Read this
Ok
97
When does the hand grasp reflex occur?
0 to 4 months
98
When do we have the pincer grasp (index and thumb pad to pad)?
10 months
99
When does grip release develop?
11 months
100
How did grip release occur before the age of 11 months?
Relaxation of the fingers’ flexion
101
What is this?
Onset ?
Ulnar Palmer Grasp ( no thumb involvement)
4 to 6 months
102
What is this?
Onset ?
Radial digit grasp (beginning to get thumb involved)
6 to 8 months
103
What is this?
Onset ?
Three-Jaw chuck grasp (pad of thumb and first two fingers)
8 to 9 months
104
What is this?
Onset ?
Pincer grasp
8 to 12 months
105
What is this?
Onset ?
Pokes with index finger
9 to 12 months
