Motor Control, Motor Learning, and Movement Analysis Flashcards
What is Learning?
It is the intermingling of 3 things…
(T.I.E.)
- Task
- Individual
- Enviornment
The person/individual/subject consititutes of 3 items
(C.P.A.)
- Cognition
Alterness, attentiveness, level of understanding, level of education, level of intelligence
- Perception
How they interperet the world around them
- Action
What do they do, how do they take action in learning and changing their own health
Task is what we set up for the patient. What are the 3 things we set up for the patient in terms of completing a task
(M.S.M.)
1. Mobile
Is the task something that is mobile
2. Stability
Is it something that my patietn has to accomadate to or can patient change it
3. Manipulation
Combination fo mobility and stability. What I can adjust for my patient
Enviornment can be 2 things.
1. Regulatory
Highly structured, we control it, movement does not ahve to accommodate any background or noise.
2. Non-Regulatory
Not structured. Patient is in normal environment which can’t be adjusted or controlled.
What is motor learning?
A set of proccesses associated with practice or experience leading to relative permanent changes in the capability for responding.
A change in behavior
Key 3 things with Motor Learning
(P.P.P.)
Process
Practice or experience
Permanent change
What is motor performance?
Behavior that we measure.
Not always a reflection of learning.
Can be temporary
What is the diffrence between motor performance and motor learning?
Motor performance is the outcome of interests. It is the Dependent variable!
Performance changes due to:
- Practice
- Feedback
- Context
How we order practice, feedback and context determines whether or not we will learn.
Learning a topic for a test is performance (changed for the moment) but applying to over time to different context and recieve feedback will be learning (long period of time)
What is blocked practice?
Performing the same task over and over again.
What is random practice?
Incorporating a practice into different senarios.
Patient has to learn to solve the problem everytime it is given to them and have to put it into different context.
*Best practice*
What are the 3 stages of Motor Learning?
(C.A.A)
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
What is the 1st stage of motor learning?
Cognitive!
- Requires conscious processing
- Many errors
- Revert to when trying a new task or something with attention demands
What is the 2nd stage of Motor Learning?
Associative!
- Develop an internal reference for corectness
- Peformance is less avairable
- Practice is still important but don’t rely on role of the teacher as much
What is the 3rd stage of motor learning?
Autonomous!
- Pay less conscious attention…doesn’t require much thought process
- Automatic level
- Errors are few
What is Retention for Motor Learning?
How long the performance remains.
It is remembering.
What is Transfer for Motor Learning?
Applying what you’ve learned to another context or set of parameters.
Note: Look at when the behavior starts to deterioate and know that’s when you are the limit of the transfer.
Positive Transfer
Maintaining or improving skills by transfering skills to another context.
Transfer activities are very similar.
Ex. Overhead throwing vs. spiking in volleyball
What are the 2 Movment types.
- Open vs. Closed
- Discrete vs. Continuous
Negative Transfer
Deteriorating skills by transfering skills to another context.
Learned in a skill in one context but can make another skill not as good.
Ex. Tennis vs. racket ball
Open Movement Type
Enviornement is constantly changing/moving.
A lot of options
Many movement strategies
Ex. Basketball game
Closed Movement Type
Very few options.
Same thing over and over again.
Predicitable activity.
Ex. Golf game
Discrete Movement Type
Clear start and end.
Ex. Sit to Stand, golf swing
Continuous Movment Type
Not a clear start to end. Somewhat arbitary.
Ex. Gait, running, driving
Pre-Training Practice type
Absolute amount of practice is the most important variable when considering pracitce schedules
What you do to get ready
To prepare for
Mental rehersal
Massed Practice type
Practice more than you rest. Cram it all in and then rest.
Leads to better performance in the short term
Distributed practice type
Distribute it out. Rest is equal to practice
Leads to better learning over long term
Knowledge of Performance feedback
Extrinsic feedback regarding some aspect of motor performance
Patient is receiving input regarding the performance of their action
How well patient is doing in the movment
Can enhance particular peformance parameters.
Ex. “You are dragging your toes when you bring your leg forward.”
Knowledge of Results feedback
Feedback regarding the outcome of the movement in relationshipo to the goal of the movment.
Patient becomes aware of the the results from their actions towards their movment goal.
At the end of an activity
More effective for learning because allows patient to reflect back.
