Motor Control, Motor Learning, and Movement Analysis

Question 1

What is Learning?

It is the intermingling of 3 things…

(T.I.E.)

Answer 1

1. Task
2. Individual
3. Enviornment

Question 2

The person/individual/subject consititutes of 3 items

(C.P.A.)

Answer 2

1. Cognition

Alterness, attentiveness, level of understanding, level of education, level of intelligence

2. Perception

How they interperet the world around them

3. Action

What do they do, how do they take action in learning and changing their own health

Question 3

Task is what we set up for the patient. What are the 3 things we set up for the patient in terms of completing a task

(M.S.M.)

Answer 3

1. Mobile

Is the task something that is mobile

2. Stability

Is it something that my patietn has to accomadate to or can patient change it

3. Manipulation

Combination fo mobility and stability. What I can adjust for my patient

Question 4

Enviornment can be 2 things.

Answer 4

1. Regulatory

Highly structured, we control it, movement does not ahve to accommodate any background or noise.

2. Non-Regulatory

Not structured. Patient is in normal environment which can’t be adjusted or controlled.

Question 5

What is motor learning?

Answer 5

A set of proccesses associated with practice or experience leading to relative permanent changes in the capability for responding.

A change in behavior

Question 6

Key 3 things with Motor Learning

(P.P.P.)

Answer 6

Process

Practice or experience

Permanent change

Question 7

What is motor performance?

Answer 7

Behavior that we measure.

Not always a reflection of learning.

Can be temporary

Question 8

What is the diffrence between motor performance and motor learning?

Answer 8

Motor performance is the outcome of interests. It is the Dependent variable!

Performance changes due to:

1. Practice
2. Feedback
3. Context

How we order practice, feedback and context determines whether or not we will learn.

Learning a topic for a test is performance (changed for the moment) but applying to over time to different context and recieve feedback will be learning (long period of time)

Question 9

What is blocked practice?

Answer 9

Performing the same task over and over again.

Question 10

What is random practice?

Answer 10

Incorporating a practice into different senarios.

Patient has to learn to solve the problem everytime it is given to them and have to put it into different context.

*Best practice*

Question 11

What are the 3 stages of Motor Learning?

(C.A.A)

Answer 11

1. Cognitive
2. Associative
3. Autonomous

Question 12

What is the 1st stage of motor learning?

Answer 12

Cognitive!

• Requires conscious processing
• Many errors
• Revert to when trying a new task or something with attention demands

Question 13

What is the 2nd stage of Motor Learning?

Answer 13

Associative!

• Develop an internal reference for corectness
• Peformance is less avairable
• Practice is still important but don’t rely on role of the teacher as much

Question 14

What is the 3rd stage of motor learning?

Answer 14

Autonomous!

• Pay less conscious attention…doesn’t require much thought process
• Automatic level
• Errors are few

Question 15

What is Retention for Motor Learning?

Answer 15

How long the performance remains.

It is remembering.

Question 16

What is Transfer for Motor Learning?

Answer 16

Applying what you’ve learned to another context or set of parameters.

Note: Look at when the behavior starts to deterioate and know that’s when you are the limit of the transfer.

Question 17

Positive Transfer

Answer 17

Maintaining or improving skills by transfering skills to another context.

Transfer activities are very similar.

Ex. Overhead throwing vs. spiking in volleyball

Question 18

What are the 2 Movment types.

Answer 18

1. Open vs. Closed
2. Discrete vs. Continuous

Question 18

Negative Transfer

Answer 18

Deteriorating skills by transfering skills to another context.

Learned in a skill in one context but can make another skill not as good.

Ex. Tennis vs. racket ball

Question 19

Open Movement Type

Answer 19

Enviornement is constantly changing/moving.

A lot of options

Many movement strategies

Ex. Basketball game

Question 20

Closed Movement Type

Answer 20

Very few options.

Same thing over and over again.

Predicitable activity.

Ex. Golf game

Question 21

Discrete Movement Type

Answer 21

Clear start and end.

Ex. Sit to Stand, golf swing

Question 22

Continuous Movment Type

Answer 22

Not a clear start to end. Somewhat arbitary.

Ex. Gait, running, driving

Question 23

Pre-Training Practice type

Answer 23

Absolute amount of practice is the most important variable when considering pracitce schedules

What you do to get ready

To prepare for

Mental rehersal

Question 24

Massed Practice type

Answer 24

Practice more than you rest. Cram it all in and then rest.

Leads to better performance in the short term

Question 25

Distributed practice type

Answer 25

Distribute it out. Rest is equal to practice

Leads to better learning over long term

Question 26

Knowledge of Performance feedback

Answer 26

Extrinsic feedback regarding some aspect of motor performance

Patient is receiving input regarding the performance of their action

How well patient is doing in the movment

Can enhance particular peformance parameters.

Ex. “You are dragging your toes when you bring your leg forward.”

Question 27

Knowledge of Results feedback

Answer 27

Feedback regarding the outcome of the movement in relationshipo to the goal of the movment.

Patient becomes aware of the the results from their actions towards their movment goal.

At the end of an activity

More effective for learning because allows patient to reflect back.