Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology 2 > Motor Control 1 > Flashcards

Motor Control 1 Flashcards

1
Q

areas of higher-order are involved with?

A

more complex tasks eg. coordinate muscle activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

areas of lower hierarchy are involved with?

A

lower level tasks eg. execution of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

motor systems organised in a number of different areas that control different aspects of movement is known as?

A

functional segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the corticospinal tract control?

A

voluntary movements of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the corticobulbar tract control?

A

voluntary movements of face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which tracts pass through the pyramids of the medulla?

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which gyrus is the primary motor cortex situated in?

A

pre-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the motor cortex control?

A

fine, descrete, precise voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the pre-motor area do?

A

planning voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

supplementary motor area does what?

A

involves complex movements which are generally internally driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate?

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the lateral corticospinal tract responsible for?

A

limb muscle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the anterior corticospinal tract responsible for?

A

trunk muscle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which cortex contains neuronal cell bodies of the corticobulbar tract?

A

primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do the motor nerves from the corticobulbar tract do specifically?

A

eye movements, muscles of jaw, muscles of face, tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the vestibulospinal tract do?

A

stabilise head during body movements coordinates head movements with eye movements mediates postural adjustments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the reticulospinal tract do?

A

changes in muscles’ tone associated with voluntary movement, provides postural stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does the reticulospinal tract descend from?

A

medulla and pons

19
Q

where does the tectospinal tract descend from? What does it do?

A

superior colliculus of brain orientation of head and neck during eye movements

20
Q

where does the rubrospinal nucleus descend from? What does it do?

A

red nucleus of brain innervates lower motor neurons of flexors of upper limb

21
Q

loss of voluntary motor function paresis paralysis are what type of upper motor neurone lesion sign?

A

negative

22
Q

increased abnormal motor function due to loss of inhibitory descending inputs spasticity hyper-reflexia clonus babinski’s sign are all examples of which type of upper motor neuron lesion sign?

A

positive

23
Q

what is apraxia? What is it caused by?

A

a disorder of skilled movement lesion in the supplementary motor area

24
Q

weakness hypotonia hyporeflexia muscle atrophy fasciculations - spontaneous twitch fibrillations of muscle fibres are all examples of which type of lesion?

A

lower motor neuron lesion

25
Q

which neurons does motor neuron disease affect?

A

upper and lower motor neurons

26
Q

upper: spasticity brisk limbs and jaw reflexes babinski’s sign loss of dexterity dysarthria dysphagia lower: weakness muscle wasting tongue fasciculations and wasting nasal speech dysphagia are all signs of which disease?

A

motor neuron disease

27
Q

which structures make up the basal ganglia?

A
  • striatum - caudate nucleus, putamen and external globus pallidus
  • nucelus accumbens
  • subthalamic nuclei
  • substantia nigra (midbrain)
  • ventral pallidum, claustrum, nucleus basalis
28
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

A
  • decision to move
  • elaborating associated movements
  • moderating and coordinating movement
  • performing movements in order
29
Q

summarise the pathology of parkinson’s disease

A

degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons that originate in the substantia nigra and project to the striatum

30
Q

What are C, P, G and T?

A

C - caudate nucleus

P - putamen

G - (external) globus pallidus

T - thalamus

31
Q

what is bradykinesia?

A

slowness of small movements

32
Q

what is a hypomimic face?

A

mask-like, expressionless

33
Q

what is akinesia?

A

difficulty in initiation of movements

34
Q

what is rigidity?

A

muscle tone increase, causing resistance to externally imposed joint movements

35
Q

bradykinesia, hypomimic face, akinesia, rigidity, tremor at rest are all signs of?

A

parkinson’s disease

36
Q

summarise the pathology of Huntington’s disease

A

degeneration of GABAergic neurons in the striatum, caudate and putamen

37
Q
  • choreic movements
  • rapid jerky involuntary movements of the body hands and face (affected first) then legs and rest of body
  • speech impairment
  • difficulty swallowing
  • unsteady gait
  • cognitive decline and dementia in later stages

are all signs of?

A

Huntington’s disease

38
Q

ballism - what is it? what is it caused by?

A

sudden uncontrolled contralateral flinging of the extremities

stroke affecting subthalamic nucleus

39
Q

which part of the brain is associated with coordinating and predicting movement?

A

cerebellum

40
Q

which structure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

41
Q

what is the green structure called and what is it involved with?

what does damage to it cause?

A

vestibulocerebellum

  • regulation of gait, posture and equilibrium
  • coordination of head movements with eye movement

damage causes syndrome similar to vestibular disease leading to gait ataxia and tendency to fall

42
Q

what is this structure called?

what does it do?

what does damage to this structure cause?

A
  • spinocerebellum
  • coordination of speech and adjustment of muscle tone and coordination of limb movements
  • damage is associated with chronic alcoholism and affects mainly legs, causing abnormal gait and stance (wide-based)
43
Q

What is this structure called?

what does it do?

how does damage affect it?

A
  • cerebrocerebellum
  • coordination of skilled movements, cognitive function, attention, processing of language and emotional control
  • damage mainly affects arms/skilled coordinated movements (tremor) and speech
44
Q

what are the main 5 signs of cerebellar dysfunction?

A
  1. ataxia
  2. dysmetria
  3. intention tremor
  4. dysdiadochokinesia
  5. scanning speech

Neurology 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions