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Neurology 2 > Cerebral cortex lecture > Flashcards

Cerebral cortex lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cortex and what does it contain?

A

thin 2-3mm covering of the brain, containing grey matter

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2
Q

which lobe is responsible for: regulating and initiating motor function, language, cognitive functions, attention, memory and behaviour?

A

frontal lobe

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3
Q

which lobe is responsible for visual input?

A

occipital lobe

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4
Q

which lobe is involved with touch and pain (sensation), sensory aspects of language, and spatial orientation and self-perception?

A

parietal lobe

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5
Q

which lobe is involved with processing auditory information, emotions and memories?

A

temporal lobe

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6
Q

which lobe is concerned with learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward?

A

limbic lobe

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7
Q

the limbic lobe contains which structures?

A

amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary body, cingulate gyrus

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8
Q

what structure is located deep within the lateral fissure?

A

insular cortex

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9
Q

what area is associated with visceral sensations, autonomic control, interoception, auditory processing, and visual-vestibular integration

A

insular cortex

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10
Q

what does the grey matter consist of?

A

neuronal cell bodies and glial cells

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11
Q

what does the white matter consist of?

A

myelinated neuronal axons arranged in tracts

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12
Q

what do white matter tracts do?

A

connect cortical areas

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13
Q

what do association fibres do?

A

connect areas within the same hemisphere

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14
Q

what do commissural fibres do?

A

connect homologous structures in left and right hemispheres

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15
Q

what do projection fibres do?

A

connect cortex with lower brain structures

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16
Q

which lobes do each of these association fibres connect? 1. superior longitudinal fasciculus 2. arcuate fasciculus 3. inferior longitudinal fasciculus 4. uncinate fasciculus

A
  1. frontal and occipital lobes 2. frontal and temporal lobes 3. temporal and occipital lobes 4. anterior frontal and temporal lobes
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17
Q

corpus callosum and anterior commissure are examples of which types of fibres?

A

commissural fibres

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18
Q

projection fibres of each type listed below go to/from the cortex? 1. afferent 2. efferent

A
  1. to 2. from
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19
Q

which type of cortices has: predictable function, topicographical organisation and symmetry between left and right?

A

primary cortices

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20
Q

which type of cortices has: less predictable function, not organised topographically, left-right symmetry weak or absent

A

association cortices

21
Q

which cortex controls fine, discrete and precise voluntary movements, and provides descending signals to execute movements?

A

primary motor cortex

22
Q

which area is involved in planning movements that are externally cued?

A

supplementary area

23
Q

which area is involved in planning complex movements that are internally cued?

A

premotor area

24
Q

which area processes somatic sensations arising from receptors in the body eg. fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception, pain and temperature?

A

primary somatosensory cortex

25
Q

which area interprets the significance of sensory information, eg. recognising an object placed in the hand, awareness of self and awareness of personal space

A

somatosensory association cortex

26
Q

which area processes visual stimuli?

A

primary visual cortex

27
Q

which area gives meaning and interpretation of visual input?

A

visual association cortex

28
Q

which area processes auditory stimuli?

A

primary auditory area

29
Q

which area gives meaning and interpretation of auditory input?

A

auditory association area

30
Q

which area is involved in attention, adjusting social behaviour, planning, personality expression and decision making?

A

prefrontal cortex

31
Q

which area is involved in production of language?

A

broca’s area

32
Q

which area is involved in understanding of language?

A

Wernicke’s area

33
Q

lesions in which lobe lead to changes in personality and inappropriate behaviour?

A

frontal lobe

34
Q

lesions in which lobe lead to contralateral neglect/ lack of awareness?

A

parietal lobe

35
Q

lesions in which lobe lead to agnosia, the inability to recognise and inability to form new memories?

A

temporal lobe

36
Q

lesions in which area leads to poor production of speech, with intact comprehension?

A

broca’s area

37
Q

lesions in which area leads to poor comprehension of speech, with intact production of speech?

A

wernicke’s area

38
Q

which association fibres connect broca’s and wernicke’s areas?

A

arcuate fasciculus

39
Q

lesions in which area leads to blindness in corresponding part of visual field?

A

primary visual cortex

40
Q

lesions in which area leads to deficits in interpretation of visual information eg. inability to recognise familiar faces or learn new faces

A

visual association cortex

41
Q

PET scans work by injecting radioactive labelled glucose into the blood, so how does activity show up in the scan?

A

areas consuming glucose the most light up

42
Q

fMRI works by?

A

looking at amount of oxygen being carried to a region of brain, linked with increased activity in that specific brain region

43
Q

how detailed a picture you can get is known as what type of resolution?

A

spatial

44
Q

how quickly you can see if something is happening is known as what type of resolution?

A

temporal resolution

45
Q

what test measures electrical signals produced by the brain?

A

electroencephalography

46
Q

what test measures magnetic signals produced by the brain?

A

magnetoencephalography

47
Q

which type of encephalography looks at a series of waves that reflect sequential activation of neural structures along the somatosensory pathways?

A

somatosensory evoked potentials

48
Q

what are the methods of brain stimulation to assess cortical function?

A

TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation)

49
Q

what is diffusion tensor imaging used for

A

assessing the structure of the brain

Neurology 2 (6 decks)

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