Cerebral cortex lecture Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

what is the cortex and what does it contain?

A

thin 2-3mm covering of the brain, containing grey matter

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2
Q

which lobe is responsible for: regulating and initiating motor function, language, cognitive functions, attention, memory and behaviour?

A

frontal lobe

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3
Q

which lobe is responsible for visual input?

A

occipital lobe

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4
Q

which lobe is involved with touch and pain (sensation), sensory aspects of language, and spatial orientation and self-perception?

A

parietal lobe

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5
Q

which lobe is involved with processing auditory information, emotions and memories?

A

temporal lobe

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6
Q

which lobe is concerned with learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward?

A

limbic lobe

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7
Q

the limbic lobe contains which structures?

A

amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary body, cingulate gyrus

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8
Q

what structure is located deep within the lateral fissure?

A

insular cortex

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9
Q

what area is associated with visceral sensations, autonomic control, interoception, auditory processing, and visual-vestibular integration

A

insular cortex

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10
Q

what does the grey matter consist of?

A

neuronal cell bodies and glial cells

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11
Q

what does the white matter consist of?

A

myelinated neuronal axons arranged in tracts

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12
Q

what do white matter tracts do?

A

connect cortical areas

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13
Q

what do association fibres do?

A

connect areas within the same hemisphere

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14
Q

what do commissural fibres do?

A

connect homologous structures in left and right hemispheres

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15
Q

what do projection fibres do?

A

connect cortex with lower brain structures

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16
Q

which lobes do each of these association fibres connect? 1. superior longitudinal fasciculus 2. arcuate fasciculus 3. inferior longitudinal fasciculus 4. uncinate fasciculus

A
  1. frontal and occipital lobes 2. frontal and temporal lobes 3. temporal and occipital lobes 4. anterior frontal and temporal lobes
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17
Q

corpus callosum and anterior commissure are examples of which types of fibres?

A

commissural fibres

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18
Q

projection fibres of each type listed below go to/from the cortex? 1. afferent 2. efferent

A
  1. to 2. from
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19
Q

which type of cortices has: predictable function, topicographical organisation and symmetry between left and right?

A

primary cortices

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20
Q

which type of cortices has: less predictable function, not organised topographically, left-right symmetry weak or absent

A

association cortices

21
Q

which cortex controls fine, discrete and precise voluntary movements, and provides descending signals to execute movements?

A

primary motor cortex

22
Q

which area is involved in planning movements that are externally cued?

A

supplementary area

23
Q

which area is involved in planning complex movements that are internally cued?

A

premotor area

24
Q

which area processes somatic sensations arising from receptors in the body eg. fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception, pain and temperature?

A

primary somatosensory cortex

25
which area interprets the significance of sensory information, eg. recognising an object placed in the hand, awareness of self and awareness of personal space
somatosensory association cortex
26
which area processes visual stimuli?
primary visual cortex
27
which area gives meaning and interpretation of visual input?
visual association cortex
28
which area processes auditory stimuli?
primary auditory area
29
which area gives meaning and interpretation of auditory input?
auditory association area
30
which area is involved in attention, adjusting social behaviour, planning, personality expression and decision making?
prefrontal cortex
31
which area is involved in production of language?
broca's area
32
which area is involved in understanding of language?
Wernicke's area
33
lesions in which lobe lead to changes in personality and inappropriate behaviour?
frontal lobe
34
lesions in which lobe lead to contralateral neglect/ lack of awareness?
parietal lobe
35
lesions in which lobe lead to agnosia, the inability to recognise and inability to form new memories?
temporal lobe
36
lesions in which area leads to poor production of speech, with intact comprehension?
broca's area
37
lesions in which area leads to poor comprehension of speech, with intact production of speech?
wernicke's area
38
which association fibres connect broca's and wernicke's areas?
arcuate fasciculus
39
lesions in which area leads to blindness in corresponding part of visual field?
primary visual cortex
40
lesions in which area leads to deficits in interpretation of visual information eg. inability to recognise familiar faces or learn new faces
visual association cortex
41
PET scans work by injecting radioactive labelled glucose into the blood, so how does activity show up in the scan?
areas consuming glucose the most light up
42
fMRI works by?
looking at amount of oxygen being carried to a region of brain, linked with increased activity in that specific brain region
43
how detailed a picture you can get is known as what type of resolution?
spatial
44
how quickly you can see if something is happening is known as what type of resolution?
temporal resolution
45
what test measures electrical signals produced by the brain?
electroencephalography
46
what test measures magnetic signals produced by the brain?
magnetoencephalography
47
which type of encephalography looks at a series of waves that reflect sequential activation of neural structures along the somatosensory pathways?
somatosensory evoked potentials
48
what are the methods of brain stimulation to assess cortical function?
TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation)
49
what is diffusion tensor imaging used for
assessing the structure of the brain