Motor Behavior Test

Question 1

Open Loop Control System

Answer 1

‘no feedback control’; hierarchical model; pre-planning; control center provides all the information for effectors to carry out movement

Question 2

Closed Loop Control System

Answer 2

‘continuous control’; heterarchical model; uses feedback; control center issues information to effectors sufficient only to initiate movement (relies on feedback to continue and terminate movement)

Question 3

Synergies

Answer 3

ensembles or groupings of muscles and limbs that work together as a functional unit

Question 4

Motor Program-Based Theory

Answer 4

memory based mechanism that controls coordinated movements; “schema theory”; proposed that each generalized motor program controls a class of actions that have common invariant characteristics

Question 5

Generalized Motor Program

Answer 5

hypothesized memory-based mechanism responsible for adaptive and flexible qualities of human movement; serves as a basis for generating instructions prior to and during the task

Question 6

Invariant Features

Answer 6

characteristics that DO NOT VARY across performances of a skill within class of actions; identifying signature of a GMP; time of the components of action

Question 7

Parameters

Answer 7

specific features added to invariant features to enable the performance of a skill in a specific situation; can vary from one performance to another

Question 8

Dynamic Pattern Theory (DPT)

Answer 8

describes and explains coordinated movement control by emphasizing the role of information in the environment and mechanical properties of the body and limb; concerned with identifying laws that govern changes in human coordination;

Question 9

Non-Linear Dynamics

Answer 9

(DPT) dynamic pattern theory idea that the motor control system operates on this basis; states that behavioral changes are not always continuous; states that behaviors are specified by environmental and task conditions

Question 10

Attractor State

Answer 10

(DPT) a stable state of the motor control system that leads to behavior according to preferred coordination patterns; deeper the well, the easier it is to perform the task

Question 11

Order Parameters

Answer 11

(DPT) functional, specific, and abstract variables that define the overall behavior of the system

Question 12

Control Parameters

Answer 12

(DPT) variable that is manipulated in a control system; provides the basis for determining attractor states for patterns of limb movement

Question 13

Stability

Answer 13

(DPT) retains present state despite perturbation

Question 14

Self-Organization

Answer 14

(DPT) when certain conditions characterize a situation, a specific pattern of limb movement emerges;

Question 15

Coordinative Structures

Answer 15

(DPT)functional synergies of muscles and joints that act cooperatively to produce an action

Question 16

Perception and Action Coupling

Answer 16

(DPT)linking together of movement to environment information

Question 17

Systems Model

Answer 17

suggests that action results from interaction of the physical and neural components; perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes within the individual; interaction between individual, environment, and task

Question 18

DPT Model and MPT Model Consensus

Answer 18

NS is most concerned with movement outcomes; the NS must take into account the environment, goals, task, and individual; there exists hardwired movements that from building blocks for more complex movements