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Physics > Chs. 13-14 > Flashcards

Chs. 13-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion: Force of Spring

A

Fs= -kx

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2
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion: acceleration

A

a = -kx/m

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3
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

PE = 1/2 kx^2

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4
Q

Velocity with simple harmonic motion

A

v = +/- √k/m (A^2-x^2)

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5
Q

Period of an object moving with simple harmonic motion

A

T = 2π√m/kj

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6
Q

Frequency of an object-spring system

A 
ƒ= 1/T
ƒ= 1/2π√k/m
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7
Q

Angular Frequency

A

omega = 2πƒ = √k/m

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8
Q

Position of an object in simple harmonic motion

A

x = Acos (2πƒt)

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9
Q

Velocity of an object in simple harmonic motion

A

v = -A omega sin (2πƒt)

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10
Q

Acceleration of an object in simple harmonic motion

A

a = -A omega^2 cos (2πƒt)

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11
Q

Maximum Velocity of an object in simple harmonic motion

A

v = Aomega

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12
Q

Maximum Acceleration of an object in simple harmonic motion

A

a = A omega^2

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13
Q

Period of a simple pendulum

A

2π√L/g

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14
Q

Transverse Wave

A

the elements of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wave; a wave on a stretched string

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15
Q

Longitudinal Wave

A

elements of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave velocity; a sound wave

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16
Q

Velocity and Wavelength

A

v = ƒλ

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17
Q

Speed of Waves on Strings

A

v = √F/(M/L)

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18
Q

Superposition Principle

A

if two or more traveling waves are moving through a medium, the resultant wave is found by adding the waves together point by point

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19
Q

Speed of Sound in a fluid

A 
v = √B/ ρ
B = bulk modulus
20
Q

Speed of a longitudinal wave in a solid rod

A

v = √Y/ ρ

21
Q

Speed of sound in air

A

v= 331√T/273

22
Q

Intensity of a wave

A 
I = P/A
P = sound power
23
Q

Relative Intensity of sound (the intensity we hear sounds)

A

β = 10 log (I / Ii)
Ii = 1.0 x 10^-12 (sound at threshold of hearing)
given in decibels

24
Q

Intensity of a Spherical Wave; intensity of a sound at a distance away

A

I = Pav/4πr^2

25
Q

Ratio of intensities at two different distances away

A

I1/I2 = r2^2/r1^2

26
Q

Doppler Effect: when the observer is moving relative to a stationary source

A

ƒo = ƒs ((v + vo)/v)

27
Q

Doppler Effect: when the source is moving relative to the observer

A

ƒo = ƒs (v/(v-vs))

28
Q

Doppler Effect: General Case

A

ƒo = ƒs ((v+vo)/(v-vs))

29
Q

Mach Number

A

Ratio between speed of object and speed of sound

30
Q

Constructive Interference Equation

A

r2 - r1 = n λ

31
Q

Destructive Interference Equation

A

r2 - r1 = (n + 1/2) λ

32
Q

Fundamental Frequency (and thus following frequencies)

A 
ƒn = nƒ1 = n/2L √F/(M/L)
n = 1, 2, 3 (harmonics)
33
Q

Second Harmonic Description on a String

A

Length of String = λ
2 antinodes
3 nodes

34
Q

Third Harmonic Description: String

A

L = 3/2 λ
4 nodes
3 antinodes

35
Q

Fourth Harmonic Description: String

A

L = 2 λ
5 nodes
4 antinodes

36
Q

First Harmonic Description: String

A

L = 1/2 λ
2 nodes
1 antinodes

37
Q

First Harmonic Description: open-end air column

A

L = 1/2 λ
1 node
2 antinodes

38
Q

Second Harmonic: open-end air column

A

L = λ
2 nodes
3 antinodes

39
Q

Third Harmonic: open-end air column

A

L = 3/2 λ
3 nodes
4 antinodes

40
Q

Frequency of open end air columns

A 
ƒ = n (v/2L) = nƒ1
n = harmonic
41
Q

Frequency of closed end air column

A

ƒ = n (v/4L) = nƒ1

42
Q

First Harmonic: closed-end air column

A

L = 1/4 λ
1 node
1 antinode

43
Q

Third Harmonic: closed end air column

A

L = 3/4 λ
2 nodes
2 antinodes

44
Q

Fifth Harmonic: closed end air column

A 
L = 5/4 λ
3 nodes
3 antinodes (remember, closed end air columns have no even harmonics)
45
Q

Frequency of a Beat

A

ƒb = ƒ2 - ƒ1

Physics (6 decks)

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