Motivation of hunger and eating

Question 1

Biological factors

Answer 1

Brain regulation
- Lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus
- Paraventricular Y, serotonin
Glucose and digestive regulation
- Glucostatic theory
Hormonal regulation
- Insulin, ghrelin, and leptin
High levels of these 3 mean decreased hungers

Question 2

Environmental factors

Answer 2

Learned preferences and habits
- Exposure
- When, as well as what
Food-related cues
- Appearance, odour, effort required
Stress
Link between heightened arousal/negative emotion and overeating

Question 3

Eating & weight: The roots of obesity

Answer 3

• Evolutionary explanations
• Genetic predisposition (body mass index and adoption study)
• The concept of set point/settling point (set point- trouble losing or gaining weight, settling point- can change weight by lifestyle changes)
• Dietary restraint
  Eating disorders

Question 4

Sexual Motivation and Behaviour

Answer 4

Hormonal regulation
- Estrogens
- Androgens
- Testosterone
Evolutionary factors
- Parental investment theory
- Gender differences in mate preferences
Pornography

Question 5

The human sexual response

Answer 5

- Masters and Johnson – 1966
Stages
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
Resolution

Question 6

The need to belong: The affiliation motive

Answer 6

Affiliation, ostracism, fear of rejection

Question 7

Achievement motivation

Answer 7

Achievement motive = need to excel
- Work harder and more persistently
- Delay gratification
- Pursue competitive careers
- Situational influences on achievement motives
Thematic apperception test (TAT)