Heredity Flashcards
Heredity
· Family and twin studies
· Identical twins – occur when we have one cell fertilized by one sperm, then splits into 2 developing embryos
· Fraternal twins – 2 eggs released, fertilized by 2 sperm
· Heritability estimates (seen in percentages)
· As genetic relatedness drops. the correlation drops
Environment
· Adoption studies
· Cumulative deprivation hypothesis
· The Flynn effect (IQ scores over the last 80-90 years have increased dramatically, world and things in society are helping/changing that)
Interaction
The concept of the reaction range (possible that we have a preset genetically range, but depending on environment, can be affected)
Heritability as an explanation
· Arthur Jensen (1969)
· Herrnstein and Murray (1994) – The Bell Curve
· Rushton Race, Evolution and Behaviour
· All said that intelligence is genetically influenced, and some cultures that are smarter than other cultures
Environment as an explanation
· Kamin’s cornfield analogy – socioeconomic disadvantage
· Steele (1997) – stereotype vulnerability (If someone hears they won’t be successful, they won’t be successful)
· Cultural bias on IQ tests (some cultures may not agree)
Environments are either enriched or not (higher opportunity in some cultures then others)