motivation and leadership Flashcards
1
Q
what are the five levels of maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A
- Physiological/basic: Ensuring staff have basic pay and a safe working environment.
- Safety: Ensuring that staff feel they have job security through permanent contracts and receiving a fair wage.
- Social/Love: Ensuring employees feel that they belong to the group, providing support, good communication and teamwork and establishing corporate values.
- Esteem: Providing recognition to employees through praise, promotions, training, opportunities to leading projects and wage increases.
- Self-actualisation: Providing opportunities for promotion, creativity, challenge, and helping staff reach their full potential.
2
Q
what does Hertzberg mean by motivator factors?
A
result in job satisfaction and increase motivation
3
Q
what does Hertzberg mean by hygiene factors?
A
do not increase motivation but the motivation of employees may fall if these are not present
4
Q
what are five motivator factors?
A
- Opportunities for promotion
- Recognition and praise
- Being given responsibility
- Being give a particular challenge
- Sense of personal achievement
5
Q
what are five hygiene factors?
A
- Fair salary
- Job security
- Good working relationships
- Access to the right tools and equipment
- Good working conditions
6
Q
what are six financial methods of motivation
A
- Time Rate: Employees are paid for the time that they work at a set amount per hour or per day. The more hours or days an employee works the larger wage they will receive.
- Piece Rate: Employees are paid for each item they produce. The more productive an employee is the higher the wage they will receive. This will encourage people to work harder and produce more.
- Commission: Employees are paid a percentage of the value of their sales. They are motivated to sell more as the higher their sales the more commission they will earn.
- Performance-related Pay: Employees who reach a certain standard or achieve a certain target will be given a pay rise.
- Bonus: Employees receive an additional sum on top of their basic salary for achieving targets set by the organisation. Sometimes when the organisation does well all workers receive a bonus.
- Profit Sharing: Employees receive a share or percentage of the profit made by the organisation. This encourages workers to be productive and produce high quality products so that the business makes higher profits.
7
Q
what are five flexible working practices?
A
- Part-time working: An employee works only part of the week. This flexibility enables employees to remain with the business rather than leave due to other commitments
- Share: Two people share the duties and salary of one full-time position. This flexibility enables 2 employees to remain with the business rather than leave due to other commitments.
- Homeworking: Employees work away from the workplace, from home or at another premises. This flexibility and convenience enable employees to remain with the business.
- Flexitime: Employees are able to work a set number of hours with flexibility over start and finish times.
- Compressed hours: Employees can work the full number of weekly hours in a reduced number of days.
8
Q
what are five non-financial motivators?
A
- Positive working environment: Motivation can be increased by providing a safe and comfortable working areas, good communication within the organisation, and providing effective equipment and technology.
- Training and staff development: Employees are motivated by the opportunity to keep learning and developing new skills and knowledge.
- Promotion and recognition: For many employees to be praised and recognised for their contribution to the organisation can be very motivating.
- Employee participation: Involving workers in making decisions can make them feel more involved and valued within the organisation. This in turn can increase motivation and commitment to the business.
- Job enrichment: Employees are given more responsibility or harder task to make their jobs more interesting and challenging
9
Q
what are three styles of leadership?
A
- autocratic
- laissez-faire
- democratic
10
Q
what does autocratic leadership involve?
A
- managers making all the decisions without consulting with employees
- decisions are made from the top down
- employees are told what to do
11
Q
what are three advantages of autocratic leaderhship?
A
- decisions are made quickly
- decisions made by the most experienced members of the organisation
- employees have clear instructions of requirements
12
Q
what are three disadvantages of autocratic leaderhship?
A
- employees ideas and creativity might not be considered
- employees may become demotivated by lack of input or responsibility
- amount of decision making can be stressful for managers
13
Q
what does laissez faire leadership involve?
A
- managers letting employees get on with their jobs with as little interference as possible
- employees are allowed to make decisions and solve problems on their own with little guidance from management
- management will only step in if they are needed
14
Q
what are three advantages of laissez faire leadership?
A
- effective in situations where staff are highly skilled and motivated
- employees may feel empowered and motived by their responsibility
- leaves room for innovative decision making
15
Q
what are three disadvantages of laissez faire leadership?
A
- poor performance can result if inexperienced staff are left without direction
- employees may feel pressured if they have no support - leading to demotivation and stress
- it is unclear who takes responsibility
16
Q
what does democratic leaderhship involve?
A
- managers and employees working together to make decisions
- employees are encouraged to communicate ideas to management
16
Q
what are three advantages of democratic leadership?
A
- highly motivated employees who feel empowered
- employees are better prepared for promotion
- employees more accepting of change within the organisation
17
Q
what are two disadvantages of democratic leadership?
A
- decision making can take time
- a strong leader is required to lead discussions and supervise employees
