Motivation And Emotion Flashcards
Motivation (dynamics of behavior)
Initiates, sustains, directs, and terminates behavior
A model of motivation
Need (internal deficiency)
Drive (hunger, thirst, success)
Responses (action, identifiable behavior)
Goal (target)
Types of motives
Biological
Stimulus
Learned
Biological motives
Based on biological needs that must be met for survival
Air, food, sex
Stimulus motives
Express our needs for stimulation and information
Curiosity, playing an instrument
Learned motives
Based on learned needs, drives, and goals
Money, power
Biological motives (biomot) are essential because they maintain
Homeostasis
Circadian rhythms
Biological clocks
Jet lag and shift work
Preadaptation
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs: Bottom to Top with percentages
Physiological needs 85% Safety and security 70% Love and belonging 50% Esteem and self esteem 40% Self actualization 10%
Basic needs
Esteem and self esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and security
Physiological needs
Growth needs
Self actualization as expressed through meta-needs:
Wholeness, perfection, completion, justice, richness, simplicity, aliveness, beauty, goodness, uniqueness, playfulness, truth, autonomy, meaningfulness
Motivation coming from within, not external rewards
Intrinsic motivation
Based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors
Extrinsic motivation
Basic universal emotions (8)
Anticipation, joy, trust (acceptance), fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger
Anticipation (less and more intense)
Interest
Vigilance
Joy (less and more intense)
Serenity
Ecstasy
Trust (less and more intense)
Acceptance
Admiration
Fear (less and more intense)
Apprehension
Terror
Surprise (less and more intense)
Distraction
Amazement
Sadness (less and more intense)
Pensiveness
Grief
Disgust (less and more intense)
Boredom
Loathing
Anger (less and more intense)
Annoyance
Rage
Activates part of brain involved in learning
Released by stomach lining
Ghrelin
Feeding system
Lateral hypothalamus
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Satiety system
External eating cues
If internal cues ONLY pushed us to eat, fewer people would overeat
Visible food
Active dislike for a particular food
Taste aversion
Active self-starvation or sustained loss of appetite that seeks to have psychological origins
Anorexia nervosa (1% of adults)
Excessive eating (bingeing) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives
Bulimia nervosa (3% of adults)
Activation of the body and nervous system
Arousal
The relationship between arousal and performance
Inverted U function
If a task is simple, it is best for arousal to be high
If a task is complex, lower levels of arousal provide the best performance
Geeked-Dodson Law
Acquired by growing up in a particular society or culture (status, money, power, belonging)
Social motives
Desire to meet or exceed some internal standard of excellence
Need for achievement (nAch)
Desire to have impact or control over others
Need for power
Device that records changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response (GSR)
Can’t tell difference between lying, fear, anxiety, and excitement
Polygraph
A series of multiple choice questions are asked; one answer is correct (gun type)
Guilty knowledge test
Negative emotions (what hemisphere of the brain)
Right hemisphere
Positive emotions (what hemisphere)
Left hemisphere
Which hemisphere activation:
Positive feelings, approach, energy enrichment, happiness, love, attachment, safety, calf, curiosity, explore, nourishment, slow heart rate, relaxation, restore
Left brain activation
Which hemisphere activation:
Negative feelings, withdrawal, energy expenditure, sadness, anger, loneliness, danger, excitement, caution, retreat, vigilance, rapid heart rate, anxiety, run
Right brain activation
Study of communication through body movement, posture, gestures, and facial expressions
Kinesics
Three theories of emotion
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter’s cognitive theory
Emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal
Emotional stimulus -> behavior -> emotional feelings
James-Lange theory
James-Lange Theory example
Swerving a car, touching a hot pan
The thalamus (in brain) causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously
Cannon-Bard theory
Cannon-Bard Theory example
Running from a bear
Emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues
Schachter’s cognitive theory
Schachter’s cognitive theory example
Stanzione scaring a student
Mental process of assigning causes to events; attributing arousal to a certain source
Attribution
