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Psychology Test 3 > Language, Thought, & Intelligence > Flashcards

Language, Thought, & Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Processing a mental representation of a problem or a situation

A

Cognition

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2
Q

Experimental processing

A

Passive

What emotion is this person expressing

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3
Q

Reflective processing

A

Active

Add these numbers

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4
Q

Three basic units of thought

A

Images - picture like mental representations
Concepts - ideas/categories/objects
Language - words/symbols and rules

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5
Q

Mental imagery

A

Using mental images to

  • make decisions
  • change feelings
  • improve skills or prepare for action
  • air memory
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6
Q

Reverse vision

A

“Minds eye”

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7
Q

Kinesthetic imagery

A

Using gesture

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8
Q

Forming concepts

A

Positive instance
Negative instance
Conceptual rule

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9
Q

Types of concepts

A 
Conjunctive concepts (2+ features)
Relational concept (larger, north, left)
Disjunctive concept (either/or)
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10
Q

Conjunctive concept examples

A

People, humans, notebook, pencil, flag

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11
Q

Relational concept examples

A

Directions, taller

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12
Q

Disjunctive concept

A

Apple is red or green, light is on or off

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13
Q

Concepts have two types of meaning

A

Denotative - definition

Connotative - personal meaning

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14
Q

Using inaccurate concepts may lead to thinking errors

A

Faulty concepts

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15
Q

Inaccurate and oversimplified concepts of groups of people

A

Social stereotype

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16
Q

All-or-nothing thinking

A

One-dimensional thought

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17
Q

Semantics

A

The study of meaning in words and language

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18
Q

Phonemes

A

Basic units of sound

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19
Q

Morphemes

A

Basic units in a language (words or syllables)

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20
Q

Grammar

A

Syntax (word order)

21
Q

Inductive thought

A

Facts -> principles

Start with something, generalize it

22
Q

Deductive thought

A

Principles -> facts

23
Q

Logical thought

A

Conclusions based on rules

Specific hypothesis

24
Q

Illogical thought

A

Intuition, personal reasons

25
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Multiple solutions to a problem, think creatively

26
Q

Unusual uses test

A

Fluency

27
Q

What makes a person creative? (5)

A

Low correlation between IQ and creativity
Great range of knowledge and interests
Openness to a wide variety of experiences
Enjoy thought, ideas, concepts, and possibilities
Preference for complex things

28
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Give info more weight if we know more about it

29
Q

Underlying odds

A

Base rates (we ignore this)

30
Q

Framing

A

The way the problem is stated

31
Q

Hot cognition

A

Emotions

32
Q

Define intelligence

A

A covert behavior
Global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and adapt to ones surroundings
Procedures used to measure a concept

33
Q

Covert behavior

A

Can’t be seen but effects can be felt

34
Q

G factor

A

Reasoning, problem solving, knowledge, and memory

35
Q

Stanford Binet (SB5)

A

Cognitive factors:

  • fluid reasoning
  • knowledge
  • quantitative reasoning
  • visual-spatial processing
  • working memory
36
Q

Fluid reasoning

A

Capacity to think logically and solve problems

37
Q

Quantitative reasoning

A

What comes next: 3 6 9 12…

38
Q

Visual spatial processing

A

Suppose you are going east, then turn right, then right again. Which direction are you facing?

39
Q

Working memory

A

Stroop task: colors/words
Digit span
Arithmetic

40
Q

The wechsler tests

A

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-IV)
Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-IV)
Scores
-single overall intelligence score
-performance intelligence (nonverbal; puzzles)
-verbal intelligence (language, math)

41
Q

Verbal comprehension

A

Similarities
Vocabulary
Information

42
Q

Perceptual reasoning

A

Block design
Matrixvreasoning
Visual puzzles

43
Q

IQ formula

A

MA/CA X 100

44
Q

Mental age (MA)

A

Average intellectual performance

45
Q

Chronological age (CA)

A

Persons age in years

46
Q

Deviation IQ

A

Scores based on a persons relative standing in his is her age group

47
Q

Range of intelligences

A 
Intellectually disabled
Borderline
Dull normal
Average
Bright normal
Superior
Very superior
48
Q

Fluency vs flexibility vs originality

A

fluency is how many different words you can come up with in a creative test
flexibility is the ability to apply your previous knowledge to specific tasks
originality is how different your creative ideas are to the ones that other people come up with

Psychology Test 3 (4 decks)

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