Language, Thought, & Intelligence Flashcards
Processing a mental representation of a problem or a situation
Cognition
Experimental processing
Passive
What emotion is this person expressing
Reflective processing
Active
Add these numbers
Three basic units of thought
Images - picture like mental representations
Concepts - ideas/categories/objects
Language - words/symbols and rules
Mental imagery
Using mental images to
- make decisions
- change feelings
- improve skills or prepare for action
- air memory
Reverse vision
“Minds eye”
Kinesthetic imagery
Using gesture
Forming concepts
Positive instance
Negative instance
Conceptual rule
Types of concepts
Conjunctive concepts (2+ features) Relational concept (larger, north, left) Disjunctive concept (either/or)
Conjunctive concept examples
People, humans, notebook, pencil, flag
Relational concept examples
Directions, taller
Disjunctive concept
Apple is red or green, light is on or off
Concepts have two types of meaning
Denotative - definition
Connotative - personal meaning
Using inaccurate concepts may lead to thinking errors
Faulty concepts
Inaccurate and oversimplified concepts of groups of people
Social stereotype
All-or-nothing thinking
One-dimensional thought
Semantics
The study of meaning in words and language
Phonemes
Basic units of sound
Morphemes
Basic units in a language (words or syllables)
Grammar
Syntax (word order)
Inductive thought
Facts -> principles
Start with something, generalize it
Deductive thought
Principles -> facts
Logical thought
Conclusions based on rules
Specific hypothesis
Illogical thought
Intuition, personal reasons
Divergent thinking
Multiple solutions to a problem, think creatively
Unusual uses test
Fluency
What makes a person creative? (5)
Low correlation between IQ and creativity
Great range of knowledge and interests
Openness to a wide variety of experiences
Enjoy thought, ideas, concepts, and possibilities
Preference for complex things
Representativeness heuristic
Give info more weight if we know more about it
Underlying odds
Base rates (we ignore this)
Framing
The way the problem is stated
Hot cognition
Emotions
Define intelligence
A covert behavior
Global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and adapt to ones surroundings
Procedures used to measure a concept
Covert behavior
Can’t be seen but effects can be felt
G factor
Reasoning, problem solving, knowledge, and memory
Stanford Binet (SB5)
Cognitive factors:
- fluid reasoning
- knowledge
- quantitative reasoning
- visual-spatial processing
- working memory
Fluid reasoning
Capacity to think logically and solve problems
Quantitative reasoning
What comes next: 3 6 9 12…
Visual spatial processing
Suppose you are going east, then turn right, then right again. Which direction are you facing?
Working memory
Stroop task: colors/words
Digit span
Arithmetic
The wechsler tests
Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-IV)
Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-IV)
Scores
-single overall intelligence score
-performance intelligence (nonverbal; puzzles)
-verbal intelligence (language, math)
Verbal comprehension
Similarities
Vocabulary
Information
Perceptual reasoning
Block design
Matrixvreasoning
Visual puzzles
IQ formula
MA/CA X 100
Mental age (MA)
Average intellectual performance
Chronological age (CA)
Persons age in years
Deviation IQ
Scores based on a persons relative standing in his is her age group
Range of intelligences
Intellectually disabled Borderline Dull normal Average Bright normal Superior Very superior
Fluency vs flexibility vs originality
fluency is how many different words you can come up with in a creative test
flexibility is the ability to apply your previous knowledge to specific tasks
originality is how different your creative ideas are to the ones that other people come up with
