Motivation

Question 1

What are the two types of motivation

Answer 1

1. Extrinsic

2. Instrimsic

Question 2

What is extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

Motivations lie on the outside of the individual I.e incentives

Question 3

Explain intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

Motivated by factors such as the work itself

Question 4

What are the two different kinds of theories of motivation

Answer 4

Content theory

Process theory

Question 5

Name a content motivational theory

Answer 5

1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (1943)
2. Alderfer’s ERG theory (1972)
3. McCelland’s achievement motivation theory (1961)
4. Herzberg’s two-factor theory
5. Hackman & Oldham’s Job characteristics model (1976)
6. Psychological attachment to the organisation

Question 6

Name a process motivation theory

Answer 6

1. Reinforcement theory (Skinner, based on Pavlov’s dog)
2. Expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964)
3. Goal setting theory (Latham & Locke, 2006)

Question 7

Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

3 lower order or deficiency needs - psychology, safety, social

2 higher order or growth needs - esteem & self-actualisation

Argued lower met first
Orgs are better at satisfying lower

Question 8

Explain Herzberg’s 2 factor theory (1966, 1987)

Answer 8

Seeks to overcome some of the practical shortcomings of Maslow model by pinpointing the factors that cause job satisfaction and dissatisfaction

1. Hygiene factors- relate to job context such as pay, safety, status, dissatisfy when absent
2. Motivators- covers the individuals psychological needs for achievement, recognition, responsibility

Question 9

Explain job characteristics model of motivation

Answer 9

Hackman & Oldham (1976)

Sought to identify specific job characteristics that address intrinsic motivators.
5 core dimensions 
1. Task identity
2. Task significance
3. Skill variety
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback

Question 10

Explain process motivation theory … expectancy theory

Answer 10

Vroom (1964)
Reward > valence (v) is it worth it? X instrumentality (I) will they deliver? X expectancy (e) can I do it? > effort or task behaviour—