Motivation Flashcards
what is motivation?
- determines how hard employees are willing to work for a business and how productive a business is
what is financial motivation?
- directly involving monetary rewards
what are 3 examples of financial motivators?
- piece rate
- bonuses
- performance related pay
what are 2 pros and 2 cons of financial motivation?
+ improve standard of living
+ money is a major motivator (taylor)
- short term incentives
- jealousy
what are 3 examples of non-financial motivators?
- empowerment
- team working
- flexible working
what are the 4 theories of motivation?
- herzbergs 2 factor theory
- maslows hierarchy of needs
- taylors scientific management
- mayos hr theory
what did taylor believe about motivation?
- people only work for money and that they should be told exactly how to do their jobs
- we should break down the production process into a series of small tasks that can be carried out by unskilled employees
- close supervision
- people should be paid according to how much they produced
what did herzberg believe about motivation?
- hygiene factors and motivators should be used together
- hygiene factors include salary, working conditions and supervision
- motivators include responsibility, recognition and advancement
what is maslow believe about motivation?
- physiological needs: basic needs like food, drink, rest and activity
- safety needs: healthy work life and worklife balance
- social needs: teamwork, open communication
- esteem needs: positive feedback, rewards, promotion opportunities
- self actualisation: challenging and stimulating responsibilities
what did mayo believe about motivation?
- financial motivators arent enough to fulfill employees
- recognition and appreciation increase internal job satisfaction and so this increases productivity
what are the 2 expectancy theories?
- vroom
- porter and lawler
explain the 3 components of vrooms expectancy theory
- valence: individual will undertake a task if they believe they will receive a worthwhile reward
- instrumentality: individual needs to believe that a particular action is likely to lead to a particular result
- expectancy: belief in the likelihood of their being able to achieve the target thats been set for them
explain porter and lawlers 2 reward categories and give an example of each
- intrinsic: positive feelings the individual experiences from completing the task eg through job enlargement
- extrinsic: rewards that come from outside the individual eg bonuses, must be proportional to their effort
what are 4 benefits of having a motivated workforce?
- increased productivity
- lower labour turnover
- improved customer service
- increased quality
what is piece rate pay?
- payment for each item produced
what is commission?
- payment made based on a percentage of sales made or a flat fee according to the volume of goods sold
what is a bonus?
- a sum of money added to salary
what is a salary?
- an annual fixed sum paid monthly to employees
what is profit sharing?
- employees recieving a proportion of business profits
what is share ownership?
- a programme in which a business distributes shares to its employees
what is performance related pay?
- financial reward to employees whose work is considered to have reached a required standard or above average
what is consultation?
- engaging with employees to gather their input and perspectives on decisions that impact them
what is job design?
- the process of establishing employees roles and responsibilities
what is job enlargement?
- when a company adds tasks to an existing role that are appropriate for that employees organisation level
what is job rotation?
- the movement of employees through a range of jobs in their day-to-day role
what is job enrichment?
- giving employees greater responsibility through increasing the range and complexity of the tasks they are called upon to complete
what is empowerment?
- giving employees greater control over their work and decision making processes
what is team working?
- breaking down production into large units where each unit is responsible for a particular area
what is flexible working?
- a range of employment options, aside full and part time, that are designed to help employees balance work and home life
