Motivation

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

a process which a persons effort are energized directed and sustained toward attaining a goal

Question 2

3 components of motivation

Answer 2

• intensity (the amount of effort)
• direction (effort channeled toward)
• persistence (how long the effort is maintained)

Question 3

early theories of motivation

Answer 3

1. Mcgregor’s theory of x and y (x bad, y good)
2. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
3. Herzberg’s two factor theory ( poor hygiene factors, motivating factors)
4. McClelland’s three needs theory (power, achievement, affilation)

Question 4

contemporary theories of motivation

Answer 4

1. reinforcement (positive, negative, punishment)
2. goal-setting
3. equity
4. expectancy

Question 5

motivational problems (3)

Answer 5

1. disbelief in a relationship between effort and performance
2. disbelief in a relationship between performance and reward
3. lack of desire for the rewards offered

Question 6

managerial implication (3)

Answer 6

1. increasing E to P expectancy
2. increasing P to O instrumentality
3. increasing outcome valence

Question 7

job design theory

Answer 7

job characteristics model (JMC)
1. skill variety
2. task identity
3. task significance
4. autonomy
5. feedback