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igcse physics > motion > Flashcards

motion Flashcards

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1
Q

speed is

A

distance travelled per unit of time

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2
Q

average speed is

A

speed measured over a relatively long period of time

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3
Q

average spped equation

A
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4
Q
A
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5
Q

istantenous speed is

A

spped measured over an extremely short period of time

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6
Q

speed symbol

unit

A

v or u

m/s

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7
Q

distance symbol

unit

A

d metres (m)

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8
Q

time symbol and units

A

seconds t

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9
Q

time, speed, distance related by formula

A

d=vt

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10
Q

Velocity and speed differences

A

Velocity includes a direction (the direction of travel) as well as its value (its magnitude). vector

scalar speed only magnitude

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11
Q

velocity is

A

speed in a particular direction

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12
Q

Two objects can have equal speeds but might have opposite (if they are travelling in).

A

velocities

opposite directions

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13
Q

Acceleration is

A

the rate of change of velocity

how much the velocity of an object changes by every second.

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14
Q

Acceleration equation

A
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15
Q

acceleration units and symbol

A

a m/s2

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

maximum acceleration found by

A

choosing the part of the graph with the steepest gradient and calculating the gradient

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18
Q

A distance time graph shows how

A

the distance of an object (from a point) varies over time:

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19
Q

A horizontal line means

A

stationary, not moving

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20
Q

A straight line means

A

constant speed.

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21
Q

If the gradient increases

A

the object is speeding up (accelerating).

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22
Q

If the gradient decreases the object is

A

slowing down (decelerating).

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23
Q

If the line is going down, t

A

the object is moving backwards.

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

The speed of an object is given by the

in a distance time graph

A

gradient of the line.

26
Q

Calculating Speed in a time-distance graph

A
27
Q
A
28
Q

Distance-time graphs are also known as

A

position-time graphs or displacement-time graphs

29
Q

spped time graphs also known as

A

velocity-time graphs

30
Q
A
31
Q

A velocity-time graph shows how

A

the velocity (or speed) of an object changes over time.

32
Q

If the line is horizontal, the velocity or speed is

A

constant (no acceleration).

v=0

33
Q

If the line slopes upwards then the object is

A

accelerating (speeding up). constant

34
Q

If the line goes down then the object

A

is decelerating (slowing down).

35
Q
A
36
Q

The distance travelled by an object can be found by

A

determining the area beneath the graph.

37
Q
A
38
Q

If the area beneath the graph forms a triangle (the object is accelerating or decelerating) then the area can be determined using the formula:

A

area = 1/2 x base x height

39
Q

If the area beneath the graph is a rectangle (constant velocity) then the area can be determined using the formula:

A

area = base x height

40
Q
A
41
Q

The acceleration of an object is given by the gradient of the graph:

A
42
Q

Lines that slope downwards have

A

negative gradients and so can be said to have negative accelerations: This is the same thing as a deceleration.

43
Q

If the gradient of the line changes then the acceleration of the body must be changing:

A

A line with constant gradient represents constant acceleration (linear motion).

A curved line represents changing acceleration – either decreasing (if the gradient gets smaller) or increasing (if the gradient gets large).

44
Q
A
45
Q

DO QUESTION ON PAGE 11 IGCSE PHYSICS EXPLAINED AND SEE HOW IT WENT THERE

A
46
Q

V=

when the initial speed is zero, formula can be expressed as v=

A

u+at

at

47
Q

do problem page 13

A
48
Q

do problem page 14

A
49
Q

In the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with

…regardless of

A

he same acceleration, their mass.

50
Q

This acceleration is equal to the…

approximately

So long as air resistance remains insignificant, the speed of a falling object will

A

gravitational field strength

10 m/s2 near the Earth’s surface.

increase at a steady rate, getting larger the longer it falls for.

51
Q

in free fall, there is… acceleration

A

constant

52
Q

when a object is dropped from an height and falls to the ground, the force acting on it causes it to fall is the ….

A

force due to gravity

53
Q

When a parachutist jumps out of an aeroplane, two main forces act:

A

Weight (the force of gravity)

Air resistance

54
Q
A
55
Q

describe free fall

page 20

A

Initially the air resistance is very small. There is a downwards unbalanced force and the skydiver accelerates.

As the skydiver speeds up, the air resistance increases.

Eventually the air resistance balances the weight and so the skydiver travels at a constant speed – terminal velocity.

When the parachute is opened the increased air resistance on the parachute creates an upwards unbalanced force, making the parachute slow down.

56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q

an object thrown upwards decelerates at

A

10 m/s2

60
Q

if there is sufficent air resistance, then the object’s acceleration starts at 10 m/s2 and then decrease to..

velocity becomes

called

A

zero

constant

terminal velocity

61
Q

if a student drops two objects of different masses frokm the leaning tower, objects accelerate at … and …

A

10m/s2

hit the ground at the same time provided air resistance is negligible

62
Q

if the student dropped a rock and a feather at the same time , feather would…

A

be more affected by air resistance and quickly reach termianl velocity

igcse physics (10 decks)

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