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a-level physics > Motion > Flashcards

Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is displacement?

A

The distance of an object from a fixed point in a specific direction

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2
Q

What is velocity?

A

The rate of change of displacement of an object

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3
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity of an object

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4
Q

What is instantaneous speed?

A

The speed of an object at any given point in time

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5
Q

What is average speed?

A

The total distance divided by the time taken to travel it

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6
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

v = Δs / Δt

s = displacement (m)
t = time (s)

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7
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

a = Δv / Δt

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8
Q

How do you find the instantaneous speed of an object?

A

Draw a tangent to the selected point on a displacement-time graph and calculate its gradient

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9
Q

What is the gradient of a displacement-time graph?

A

Veolcity

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10
Q

What is the displacement-time graph for constant velocity?

A
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11
Q

What is the displacement-time graph for increasing velocity?

A
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12
Q

What is the displacement-time graph for increasing acceleration?

A
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13
Q

What is the gradient of a velocity-time graph?

A

Acceleration

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14
Q

What does the y-intercept of a velocity-time graph equal?

A

Initial velocity

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15
Q

What does the area under a velocity-time graph?

A

Displacement

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16
Q

What is the velocity-time graph for constant velocity?

A
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17
Q

What is the velocity-time graph for increasing velocity?

A
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18
Q

What is the velocity-time graph for increasing acceleration?

A
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19
Q

What is the velocity-time graph for decreasing acceleration?

A
20
Q

What is the y-intercept for an acceleration-time graph?

A

Initial acceleration

21
Q

What is the area under an acceleration-time graph equal to?

A

Change in velocity

22
Q

What is the acceleration time graph for constant velocity?

A
23
Q

What is the acceleration time graph for increasing velocity?

A
24
Q

What is the acceleration time graph for increasing acceleration?

A
25
Q

What are the SUVAT equations?

A

The equations of motion for objects with a constant acceleration

26
Q

What does s equal in the SUVAT equations?

A

Displacement

27
Q

What does u equal in the SUVAT equations?

A

Initial velocity

28
Q

What does v equal in the SUVAT equations?

A

Final velocity

29
Q

What does a equal in the SUVAT equations?

A

Acceleration

30
Q

What does t equal in the SUVAT equations?

A

Time

31
Q

What are the 5 SUVAT equations?

A
32
Q

What are some techniques used for investigating the motion and collisions of an object?

A
  • Trolleys
  • Air-track gliders
  • Ticker timers
  • Light gates
  • Data loggers
  • Video techniques
33
Q

What are trolleys, in reference to investigating motion?

A
34
Q

What are air track gliders, in reference to investigating motion?

A
35
Q

How are light gates used in the investigating motion?

A

These provide the most accurate way of measuring the time taken for a trolley to move through a set distance. A card is attached to the top of the trolley, as this will interrupt the beam of light of the gates. The trolley is released from the top of the ramp, with one light gate just in front of the release point and the other at the bottom of the ramp. The time taken to travel between gates is recorded.

36
Q

How are video techniques used in investigating motion?

A

Taking videos or successive photographs of objects in motion is a useful method for determining the acceleration of free fall, projectile motion and terminal velocity. This technique has 2 requirements:
- The frames per second must be known, as this can be used to determine the time taken
- The distance must be known known, usually from placing a ruler in shot with the object

37
Q

What is acceleration of free fall, g?

A

The acceleration of any object in response to the gravitational attraction between the Earth and the object

38
Q

What is the acceleration of free fall on Earth?

A

9.81 ms^-2

39
Q

How can you determine g in a labratory?

A
40
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

41
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance travelled by the vehicle from when the driver sees a problem and to when the brakes are applied

42
Q

What is the thinking distance equation?

A

Thinking distance = initial speed x reaction time

43
Q

What are factors that affect thinking distance?

A
  • The initial speed of the vehicle
  • Intoxication of driver
  • Distractions eg. using a mobile phone
  • Tiredness
44
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance travelled by a vehicle after the breaks are applied until it becomes fully stationary

45
Q

What is the work done and braking distance equation?

A

Work done = braking force x breaking distance = 1/2 mv^2

46
Q

What are the factors that affect braking distance?

A
  • The initial speed of the vehicle
  • Mass of the vehicle
  • Poor road conditions]
  • Car conditions, eg. worn breaks and slippery tyres
47
Q

In projectile motion, what are independent of one another?

A

The horizontal and vertical components of velocity

a-level physics (23 decks)

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