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GI - Cherry > Motility Disorders > Flashcards

Motility Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypermotility?

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

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2
Q

Cause of hypermotility?

A

Idiopathic

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3
Q

Investigations of motility disorders? (4)

A

Manometry
Barium meal
Electromyography
Endoscopy

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4
Q

What appearance is seen in barium swallow with hypermotility?

A

Corkscrew appearance

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5
Q

2 symptoms of hypermotility

A

Severe episodic chest pain

+/- dysphagia

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6
Q

What is hypermotility often confused with?

A

Angina/MI

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7
Q

What does manometry show in hypermotility?

A

Exaggerated, uncoordinated, hypertonic contraction

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8
Q

What is hypomotility associated with? (3)

A

Connective tissue disease
Diabetes
Neuropathy

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9
Q

What does hypomotility lead to? What symptoms does this cause?

A

Failure of LOS mechanism

Heartburn & reflux symptoms

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10
Q

What is Achlasia?

A

Functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in distal oesophagus & LOS

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11
Q

Main characteristic of achlasia?

What does this lead to?

A

Failure of LOS to relax

Functional distal obstruction of oesophagus

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12
Q

5 Symptoms of achlasia?

A 
Progressive dysphagia (solid & liquid)
Weightloss
Chest pain
Regurgitation
Chest infection
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13
Q

What does manometry show in Achlasia? (3)

A

High pressure in LOS at rest (45mmHg)
Failure of LOS to relax after swallowing
Absence of useful/peristaltic contraction in lower oesophagus

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14
Q

What is the normal pressure in the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

10mmHg

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15
Q

Pharmacological treatment of achlasia? (2)

A

Nitrates

Calcium channel blockers

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16
Q

Endoscopic treatment of achlasia? (2)

A

Botulinum toxin

Pneumatic balloon dilation

17
Q

Radiological treatment of achalasia?

A

Pneumatic balloon dilation

18
Q

Surgical treatment of achalasia?

A

Myotomy

19
Q

What is myotomy?

A

Cutting of the muscles in the LOS

20
Q

Complications of achalasia treatment? (2)

A

Aspiration pneumonia & lung disease

Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma

21
Q

Treatment of hypermotility?

A

Smooth muscle relaxants

GI - Cherry (13 decks)

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