Mothers and Infants: Nutrition Assessment, Services, and Programs

Question 1

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Answer 1

Infant deaths under one year of age, expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.

Question 2

Low Birth Weight

Answer 2

A birth weight of 5.5lbs or less.

Question 3

Very Low Birth Weight

Answer 3

A birth weight of less than 3lbs, 4 oz.

Question 4

Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 4

Maternal deaths related to pregnancy per 100,000 live births.

Question 5

National Goals for Maternal and Infant Health

Answer 5

1. Reduce fetal and infant deaths
2. Reduce low birth weight and very low birth weight
3. Reduce maternal deaths
4. Increase % of prenatal women receiving adequate prenatal care
5. Reduce maternal depression rates

Question 6

Nutrition Related Issues During Pregnancy

Answer 6

1. Appropriate pregnancy weight gain
2. Adolescent pregnancy
3. Gestational diabetes
4. Promotion of and preparation for breastfeeding
5. Availability of comprehensive pregnancy care:
   Preconception
   Early prenatal
   Ongoing prenatal
   Postpartum period

Question 7

Nutrition Related Issues During Infancy

Answer 7

Iron deficiency
Appropriate growth
Food allergies
Appropriate introduction of foods
Low breastfeeding rates

Question 8

Maternal and Infant Nutrition Programs of the USDA

Answer 8

1. WIC
2. SNAP
3. WIC Farmers’ Market Program
4. Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)
5. Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Question 9

Maternal and Infant Nutrition Programs of the DHHS

Answer 9

Title V Maternal and Child Health Program
Medicaid
Community Health Centers
The Healthy Start Program

Question 10

Programming Required in Each State

Answer 10

Maternal and infant care (MIC)
Intensive infant care
Family planning
Healthcare for kids
Dental care for kids

Question 11

Title V MCH Funds for:

Answer 11

1. Programs to reduce IMR and improve child health
2. Services to locate, diagnose and treat kids with special healthcare needs
3. Nutrition assessment, counseling, and education referrals
4. Supports nutrition training for health professionals

Question 12

Medicaid

Answer 12

Created in 1965 and enacted through Title XIX of the Social Security Act. In 1967 offers EPSDT as mandatory Medicaid Service. Anyone with less than 133% poverty qualifies.

Question 13

The Healthy Start Program

Answer 13

1. Early prenatal and postpartum care
2. Pregnant women with income <185% poverty qualify
3. Certain high risk pregnancies
4. Outreach and home visits
5. Reduce barriers to care
6. Reduce infant mortality and improve health of low income children