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Community Nutrition I > Chapter 1: Opportunities in Community Nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Opportunities in Community Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Community

A

A group of people who are located in a particular space (including cyberspace), have shared values, and interact within a social system. A grouping of people who reside in a specific locality and who interact and connect through a definite social structure to fulfill a wide range of daily needs.

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2
Q

Community Nutrition

A

A discipline that strives to prevent disease and to improve the health, nutrition, and well-being of individuals and groups within communities. It was founded on the sciences of epidemiology, food, nutrition, and human behavior. it focuses on people, policies, and programs.

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3
Q

Policy

A

A course of action chose by public authorities to address a given problem.

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4
Q

The 4 Components of a Community

A
  1. People
  2. A space
  3. Social interaction
  4. Shared values
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5
Q

Programs

A

The instruments used by community nutritionists to seek behavior changes that improve nutritional status and health. They are wide-ranging and varied. Community nutrition programs have one desired outcome: behavior change.

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6
Q

Public Health

A

An effort organized by society to protect, promote, and restore the people’s health through the application of science, practical skills, and collective actions. Focuses on primary prevention and health promotion.

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7
Q

Bioterrorism

A

The intentional release of disease-causing toxins, microorganisms, or other substances.

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8
Q

Health

A

Characterized by “anatomic integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological, and social stress; a feeling of well-being; and freedom from the risk of disease and untimely death”.

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9
Q

Health Promotion

A

Is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. it focuses on changing human behavior by encouraging people to eat healthful diets, be active, get regular rest, develop leisure-time hobbies for relaxation, strengthen social networks with family and friends, and achieve a balance among family, work, and play.

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10
Q

Intervention

A

A health promotion activity aimed at changing the behavior of a target audience. Focuses on promoting health and preventing disease and are designed to change a preexisting condition related to the target audience’s behavior.

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11
Q

3 Types of Prevention Efforts

A
  1. Primary prevention
  2. Secondary prevention/early detection
  3. Disease management
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12
Q

Primary Prevention

A
  • Promote healthy behaviors and environments across the lifespan
  • Create supportive environments
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13
Q

Secondary Prevention

A
  • Screening
  • Periodic health examinations
  • Early intervention
  • Control risk factors-lifestyle and medication
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14
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A
  • Treatment and acute care
  • Complications management
  • Self-management
  • Continuing care
  • Maintenance
  • Rehabilitation
  • Self-management
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15
Q

WHO Prerequisites for Health

A
  • Freedom from the fear of war
  • Equal opportunity for all peoples
  • That satisfaction of basic needs for food, clean water and sanitation, decent housing, and education
  • The right to find meaningful work and perform a useful role in society
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16
Q

How are the leading causes of death different today than they were in 1900?

A

There is a shift from non-chronic diseases to chronic diseases. in the nineteenth century, the scope of public health was generally restricted to matters of general sanitation, including building municipal sewer systems, purifying the water supply, and controlling food adulteration. Major public health efforts focused on controlling infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, and typhoid. Such runaway epidemics, which sometimes killed thousands of people in a single outbreak, are uncommon today because of large-scale public efforts to improve water quality, control the spread of communicable diseases, and enhance personal hygiene and the sanitation of the environment.

17
Q

Healthy People (2020)

A

A set of goals and objectives with 10-year targets designed to guide national health promotion and disease prevention efforts to improve the health of all people in the United States. Healthy People 2020 is the national health agenda for the current decade. The initiative identifies health improvement goals and objectives to be reached by the year 2020.

18
Q

Goals of Healthy People 2020

A
  1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
  2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
  3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
  4. Promote quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.
19
Q

Determinants of Health

A

The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status. It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine individual and population health.

20
Q

Biological Determinants of Health

A
  • Sex
  • Race
  • Age
  • Other hereditary factors
21
Q

Lifestyle Determinants of Health

A
  • Physical activity
  • Diet
  • Hobbies
  • Use of drugs
  • Religion
  • Safety practices i.e. hand hygiene
  • Stress management
22
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A
  • Family
  • Community
  • Income
  • Education
  • Geographic location
  • Access to health care
23
Q

Environmental Determinants of Health

A
  • Water supply
  • Type and condition of housing
  • Health and medical services
  • Social services
  • Number, type, and location of grocery stores
  • Transportation systems
24
Q

Vulnerability Factors

A

Biologic, economic, environmental or social insult that increases disease/nutritional risk:

  • Unemployment
  • Low literacy
  • Cultural/linguistic barriers
  • Hunger
  • Social isolation
25
Q

Surveillance

A

An approach to collecting data on a population’s health and nutritional status in which data collection occurs regularly and repeatedly.

26
Q

Public Health Nutritionists

A

Nutrition health professional work with community-based programs conducted by a government agency (federal, state, county or municipal) whose official mandate is the delivery of health services to individuals living in a particular area.

27
Q

Public Health Model

A

Focuses on primary prevention and health promotion.

28
Q

Medical Model

A

Is more conventional and focuses on tertiary care and treatment.

Community Nutrition I (6 decks)

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