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a☆Chemistry☆ > Most Difficult To Memorise > Flashcards

Most Difficult To Memorise Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the straight line graph equation equate to the equation for gibbs free energy?

A
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2
Q

What are the exceptions to orbital filling, and how do they fill?

A

Cr- 4s1 3d5
Cu- 4s1 3d10

More stable to have full or half full d orbital rather than 4s orbital

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a salt bridge

A

Allow ions to flow and balance charge

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4
Q

What are the products of craking alkenas for thermal craking

A

Mainly alkenes and shorter alkanes

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5
Q

What are the products of catalytic craking

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes

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6
Q

Describe a deataled way to measure the chemical energy inside a substance.

A

CALORIMETRY

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7
Q

lnk=?

A

lnk=lnA-(Ea/Rt)

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8
Q

Making ethanol, give conditions, and 2 processes

A

Fermentation - yeast catalyst, 35 degrees, anearobic batch process. C. C neutral as photosynthesis also absorbs CO2

Hydration of ethene with sulfuric acid catalyst, high temp , and pressure

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9
Q

Making esters, give conditions, and process of alc. plus carb acid. And uses of products.

A

alcohol + carboxylic acid —> ester
+ WATER

Conditions: H2SO4 catalyst
Ester uses: Solvent/ artificial flavouring

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10
Q

H fuel cell equations.

A
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11
Q

Making esters, give genral equation of making them from alcohol add acid anhydride

A

alc + acid anhydride —> carb acid (equal to the half of the anhydride) + ester

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12
Q

Thermal and catalytic cracking

A

THERMAL CRACKING
Conditions: High temp 1200K , high pressure 7000kPa
Products: Mainly alkanes and alkenes

CATALYTIC CRACKING
Conditions: 720k lower temps, slightly pressure and zeolite catalyst
Products: Aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclic compounds

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13
Q

How do catalytic convertors work

A
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14
Q

What must you always do to Q in equation Q= mc 🔺️ T

A

MAKE IT NEGATIVE
Neutrilisation and combustion are definitely exothermic.

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15
Q

Does a Kp expression have square brackets?

A

NO

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16
Q

What equation links mass Mr and avagadros constant?

A

Mass (g) = Mr÷ Avogadros constant

To Kg: ÷1000

Mass takes place in Mr. Over’s avocado garden

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17
Q

What makes condensation polymers more biodegradeable than addition?

A

Condensation polymers include H bonds and dipole dipole bonds because they have polar reigons. These are open to nucleophillic attacks, and the whole molecule can be hydrolysed slowly.

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18
Q

What is periodicity

A

REPEATING trends / patterns of the periodic table

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19
Q

What 3 polymers do you need to know? Give uses

A

Kevlar- Bullet preoof vests
Nylon 6,6 - Ropes
Terylene- Clothes / fabrics ( its a polyester )

20
Q

H fuel cell drawring

A
21
Q

Give all relevant equations for a H fuel cell:

A
22
Q

Give the equations for the rechargeable Lithium Colbalt Oxide battery? And one use.

A

Used in phone batteries.

23
Q

How to remember which cell is reduced and which oxidised?

A

NO
more negative- oxidised
we flip this equation
PROBLEM
more positive reduced

24
Q

How do we know if a cell’s reaction is feasible?

A

EMF is positive
Equation to calculate EMF:
Ecell positive - Ecell more negative

25
Q

Give the propogation reactions for the depleation of the ozone

A

What two things are made both times? Cl containing freeradical and O2

26
Q

Catalytic convertors and equation to remove CO and NO

A
27
Q

How to remove polluting gases in power stations: Slurries etc

A
28
Q

Uses of G2

A

Mg(OH)2- Sparingly soluable. Alkaline. Can be used as an indegestion remedy to remove some stomach acid.

BaSO4- Insoluable. Can be ingested even though toxic as it acts as a coating blocking X rays.

Ca(OH)2- Lime water, can be used to treat acidic soil

29
Q

Fermentation- is it carbon neutral

A
30
Q

Fermentation, conditions and equation.

A
31
Q

What does an infrared spectrum for a carboxylic acid look like

A
32
Q

What does the infrared spectrum for an alchohol look like?

A

Alc. has A lic.

33
Q

Like alchohols, amines can be….

A
34
Q

Organic synthesis overview

A
35
Q

Draw the repeating unit of polystyrene

A
36
Q

How does gradient equate to Arrhenius ?

A

Gradient = - Ea/R

37
Q

What is enthalpy change

A

Heat energy change at a constant pressure

38
Q

What is a salt?

A

a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, which results in a compound with no net electric charge

39
Q

How to fully hydrolyse a protien?

A

CONC HCl
heat

40
Q

Whats the relative atomic mass

A

AVERAGE MASS of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of an atom os C12

41
Q

Why do you ionise samples in a TOF mass spectrometer

A

So they accelerate twoards the charged plate
So they create a current when hitting the plate

42
Q

What equation do you use for dilutions to find new concentration

A

C1V1 = C2V2

43
Q

History of the atom

A
44
Q

What actually is avagadros constant? (ie what is 6.022…)

A

The number of particles in a mole

45
Q

Repeating unit of Kevlar

A
46
Q

Repeating unit of nylon 66

A
47
Q

Repeating unit of Terylene

A

a☆Chemistry☆ (10 decks)

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