Most Common Part 2 Flashcards
Compiled most commons
Most of potassium is secreted in:
CNT
Most common cause of absolute hypovolemia
Massive bleeding by GI or
trauma
Most recognized renal effect of AVP in CHF
hyponatremia
earliest clinical sign in hypervolemia
HPN, (ffd by peripheral edema andincreased JVP
Most common cause of type 1 HOKP
Autosomal dominant mutations in CACNA1S
gene encoding the α1-subunit of L-type
calcium channels
most common cause of
hypokalemic distal RTA
Sjogren’s syndrome
Most common causes of chronic, difficult to
dx hypokalemia
Gitelman’s Syndrome, Surreptitious vomiting,
Diuretic abuse
Most common cause of HyperK in ER
Renalfailure
Most important infectious cause of Adrenal
insuffcy
HIV
Most common cause of adrenalitis in HIV
CMV
Most cmmon casue of hyperphosphatemia
decreased renal function
Most common cause of
pseudohyperphosphatemia
paraproteinemia
(as in multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s
macroglobulinemia)
Most common form of familial PHPT
MEN1
Most common granulomatous disease
causing hypercalcemia
Sarcoidosis
The most common cause of acquired
hypoparathyroidism in adults
surgical
removal of or damage to the parathyroid
glands
best indicator of vit D status
The level of 25(OH)D in the serum
Most common cause of autosomal
recessive proximal tubule renal tubular
acidosis (RTA)
Defects in NBCe1
Most important /principal defect in advanced
renal failure causing NAGMA
ammoniagenesis is reduced in proportion
to the loss of functional renal mass
Most common cause of acquired proximal
RTA in adults
MM, chemotherapeutic drug
injury (ifosfamide)
Most common Mechanisms for dRTA
Defects in: basolateral HCO3/Cl exchanger *
and subunits of H ATPase
Most common example of the “gradient”
defect as a cause of dRTA
Amphotericin B
most frequently associated renal diseases in Hyporeninmeic
hypoaldosteronism
diabetic nephropathy
and tubulointerstitial disease.
Most common cause of type A lactic
acidosis
Tissue underperfusion and acute
underoxygenation at the tissue level (tissue
hypoxia)
most commonly associated Acid base
disturbance with salicylate intoxication
respiratory alkalosis
Most common open system buffer
CO2-HCO3 system
Most common form of anemia in CKD
normocytic, normochromic or slightly
hypochromic anemia with insufficient
production of erythrocytes
Major/Most common cause of anemia in CKD:
EPO deficiency
Most notable hemaotologic effect of aluminum In dialyzed patients
microcytic
anemia
Most frequent type of renal cancer
clear cell
renal carcinomas
The most consistent abnormality in platelet function in uremia
impaired interaction
of platelets with the vascular subendothelium
Most common cause of bleeding in CKD
platelet abnormalities
Most effective treatment of uremic platelet
dysfunction
treatment of anemia with
rHuEPO
first aspect of treatment to correct
uremic platelet dysfuxn
provide adequate
dialysis
most common pigment alteration in kidney in
dialysis patients
yellowish tint to the s
Most commonly involved area in dialysis
associated steal syndrome
Brachial area in dm px
Most common causes of Gross hematuria
IgA nephropathy or hereditary nephritis
The most consistent tubular lesion in MCD
increased protein and lipid resorption
droplets in tubular epithelial cells.
The most common malignancies assocd with
membranous
cancers of the lung and
prostate.
Most common IF finding in Membranous
IgG
best predictor of spontaneous remission
in MN
decrease in proteinuria of
more than 50% in the first year of followup
strongest indicator of progressive
disease in MN
persistence of moderate proteinuria
The most common histologic features of type I
MPGN
diffuse global capillary wall
thickening, increased mesangial matrix ,
endocapillary hypercellularity
most common glomerular lesion of all of forms
of glomerulonephritis:
IgAN
Most common cause of RPGnin children
Immune complex crescentic
glomerulonephritis
most common cause of RPGN and crescentic
glomerulonephritis in adults, especially
older adults
Pauci-immune crescentic
glomerulonephritis
Most important determinant of patient survival
in ANCA small vessel vasculitis dse
pulm hemorrhage
Most important predictor of renal outcome /
risk for ESRD in ANCA dse
entry serum
crea
Most common cause of AIN
Drug
hypersensitivity
Most common implicated drug in AIN
B lactam
antibiotics
Most common cause of chronic renal failure in
sarcoidosis:
nephrocalcinosis
Most common malignancy causing TMA:
carcinoma (gastric carcinoma)
Most common chemotherapeutic drug causing
TMA:
Mitomycin C
Most common dose limiting side effect of
cisplatin
Nephrotoxicity
primary site for clearance of cisplatin
kidney
Most common clinical scenario in cisplatin
nephrotoxicity
gradual onset of
nonoliguric AKI
Most common electrolyte problem with
cetuximab
hypoMg
Most common renal pathologic finding with
bisphosphonates
ATN
Most common glomerular lesion reported in
GVHD:
Membranous nephropathy
Most common clinical presentation of Renal
cell ca
asymptomatic (previous:
hematuria)
Most common site of metastases for RCC:
lung
Most common type of sarcoma of the kidney
fibrosarcoma
Most common symptom in patietns with pelvic
tumors:
gross hematuria
Most common symptom Will’s
asymptomatic
abdominal mass
Most commons site of origin for cysts in APKD:
collecting ducts and distal nephron
Most common extrarenal manifestation of
APKD
polycystic liver
Most common cause of infection in APKD
UTI
and polycystic liver cysts:
Enterobacteriacae
Most common valvular defect in patients with
APKD
MVP
Most common cause of an abdominal mass in infancy and most common
type of bilateral cystic disease in
newborns
Multicystic Dysplastic
Kidneys
Most common cystic abnormality
encountered in human kidneys
simple cysts
Most common cause of stone formation in
patients with MSK
absorptive
hypercalciuria
Most common type of tumor / RCC assocd
with Acquired cystic kidney disease
Papillary (#2 clear
