Most Common Part 1 Flashcards
Compiled most commons
Most common cause of congenital UTO
UPJ obstruction
Most common nonobstructive cause of
dilatation of the urinary tract observed in
prenatal utz
VUR
Most common vascular lesion in LN:
simple
vascular immune deposition
Most common lesion in SLE active class 3 and 4
simple
vascular immune deposition
Most common class LN where you find
Noninflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy
in arterioles
active class IV LN
Most common class of LN where tubulointerstitial immune deposits are found
active proliferative class III and IV LN.
Most common clinical manifestation of APL
DVT
Most common pattern of glomerular
involvement for MCTD
membranous
nephropathy
Most common form of crescentic GN
Pauciimmune
rapidly progressive GN
Most common ANCA for px with WG w
granulomatous lesions
C ANCA against
PR3
The most common associated illness found
in patients with classic PAN
hepatitis B
infection
Most common organ affected in PAN
kidney
Most common clinical findings of true PAN
constitutional symptoms of fever, weight
loss, and malaise
For Microscopic polyangitis: most typical
histologic finding
focal segmental
necrotizing GN with crescents affecting from
few to many glomeruli
Most common ANCA in Churg Strauss
Syndrome
Most are P-ANCA and anti-MPO positive
most common form of arteritis in Western
countries
Temporal arteritis
Most common Ig deposited (seen in IF) in
HSP
IgA
Most common Ig depostited in LN
IgG
Most common extrarenal findings in
Goodpastures
pulmonary
most common biopsy picture for
Goodpasture
diffuse crescentic GN
involving more than 50% of glomeruli, with
exuberant, predominantly circumferential
crescents
Most common IF finding Goodpasture
intense and diffuse linear staining for IgG
involving the GBM
Most common renal pathology in Sjogrens
tubulointerstitial nephritis
Most common renal findings in Sarcoidosis
granulomatous interstitial nephritis,
nephrolithiasis, and tubular functional
abnormalities
The most common organ involved in AL
amyloid
Kidneys, heart, peripheral nerves
Most common cause of death in amyloidosis
Cardiac involvement with associated heart
failure and arrhythmias
Most common renal presentation of
cryoglobulinemia
acute nephritic picture
Most common disease associated with
Mixed Cryo type II and III
HCV
Most pathognomonic ophthalmic abnormality
in Alport’s
Anterior lenticonus
Most common GN assocd with NSAIDS
MCD (with interstitial nephritis)
Most common GN assocd with Heroin
FSGS
Most common GN assocd with Gold
Membranous
Most common GN assocd with Pencillamine
Membranous
Mos common GN assocd with carcinoma:
Membranous
Most common GN associated with Hep B
Membranous
Most common risk factor for HIVAN
IV drug use
Most common glomerular lesions among
whites who have HIV (no IV drug use)
diffuse mesangial hyperplasia
Most common glomerular lesions among
BLACKS who have HIV (no IV drug use)
severe FSGS
Most common pattern of IMMUNE
COMPLEX mediated GN seen in HIV
MGPN
Most typical GN lesion in IE:
focal and
segmental endocapillary proliferative GN w
focal crescents
The most common pattern of Monoclonal Ig
Deposition disease
LCDD – light chain
depos. Dse
Most common cause of gross hematuria in
young females
UTI
Most common underlying systemic disease
causing nephrotic syndrome
DM
In lipiduria, the urine fat most commonly
comes from
derived HDL
Major lesion of DMN Type 1 leading to renal dsynfxn:
Mesangial expansion
Major cause of mortality among T1DM
ESRD
Major cause of fistula malfunctions in DM px
inadequate arterial inflow
Major nutritional problem of PD
gain of glucose
Most important host defense that maintains
sterility of urine
normal, unobstructed
voiding
Most abundant protein in urine
Tamm
Horsfall protein
Most common cytokines involved in UTI
IL-6
and IL-8
Most UTIs post KT occur
first 3 months
Most common pathogen UTI post KT
Enterobac – E. coli
Most common pathogen Emphysematous
cystitis/PN
E. coli, Kpn
Most common pathogen Xanthogran PN
P. mirabilis (followdb by Ecoli)
Most common urine picture in GUTB
sterile pyuria with hematuria
Most common CT finding for GUTB
renal calcification
Most common pathogen cystitis
E. coli
2nD:S. saprophyticus
Most impt behavioral assocn of UTI in
premenop women
sexual intercourse
Strongest assocn of recurrent acute cystitis
in postmenop women
History of prior UTI at
a younger age
The most common cause of community
acquired bacteremia
urinary tract
The most common pathogen causing
asymptomatic bacteriuria in men >65
CONS
Most common and important parastitic
infestation of Urinary tract
Schistosoma
hematobium
Most common extrarenal findings in
Atheroemboilic dse
Cutaneous symptom
Most common internal organ affected by
Atheroembolic dse
kidney
Most common intervention reported to incite
chole embolizaion
arteriographic procedures
coro angio
Most common sickle cell variant to manifest
with gross hematuria
Hb-AS2
Most common sickle cell variant to manifest
with proteinuria
homozygous Hb-SS
Most common source of bleeding in papillary
necrosis in px with SC:
Left kidney
Most prominent lesions seenin pathology of
px with sickle cell disease:
medullary lesions
Most common cause of renal failure in sickle
cell diseae
FSGS
Most common location of Renal artery
aneurysm
bifurcation of renal artery or in first order branch arteries
Most common type of renal artery aneurysm
saccular type
Most common surgical tx for treating renal
artery aneurysm
in situ aneurysmectomy
and revasularization
Most common manifestation of chronic
dissection of renal artery aneurysm
Renovascualar HPN
RVT in adults most commonly assocated
with
Nephrotic syndrome
Most common cause of AKI
prerenal azotemia
Most common precipitating event for type 1
HRS:
SBP
Most common complication of AKI
infection
Principal risk factor for devt of AKI
CKD
Most common immunologic cause of
Intersitial nephritis
Acute allograft rejection
in transplant px
Most common causes of intrinsic AKI
ischemic and septic ATN
Second most common cause of intrinsic AKI
nephrotoxic
Most nephrotoxic antibiotic
Neomycin
Most common site of cisplatin nephrotoxicity
in rats
S3 segment of PT in corticomedullary
region
Most common cause of postrenal azotemia
bladder neck obstruction
Most common segment in PT damaged in
ischemic injury
S3
Mot common segment involved in toxic
nephropathy
S1, S2
Most common intrinsic AKI that presents with
FeNa of <1%:
radiocontrast, rhabdo
Most common location of extra adrenal
tumor in pheo
Abdomen - superior and
inferior paraaortic areas
Most common / α-blocker of choice for med
tx of pheo
phenoxybenzamine
The most common routine laboratory finding
in GRA
low PRA level
Highest level of NOS activity
medullary collecting ducts
FiBromuscular dysplasia (cause of RAS) assocd s string of beads appearance
Medial fibroplasia
Renal reperfusion injury most pronounced in
prox tubules
FMD more common in right renal artery
women
Most common renovascular lesion
Atherosclerosis affecting renal arteries.
ARAS
Most cmon presentation RAS
worsening of preexisting hpn
Most common cause of DGF in deceased
donor kidney recipients
ischemic ATN
Most common cause of allograft loss in the
first week
Acute vascular thrombosis
Most common time period acute rejections
occur in:
first 6 mths
Most common time period acute rejections
first 6 mths
Most commonly implicated cause of AIN in
KT px:
TMP SMX
Best test to demonstrate bladder leak:
cystography
Most commn time frame that UTO occurs
post KT
early post KT period (within 6 mos)
most important cause of allograft dysfunction
after the first 6 to 12 months
Chronic allograft injury (CAI).
Principal risk factors in persistent hyperpara
in post KT:
degree of pre transplant
hyperpara, duration of dialysis
Principal cause of hyperK in post KT
CNI
The most important cause of hyperuricemia
and gout after transplant
CNIs (particularly
CYA)
Most commonly affected bone in
Osteonecrosis post KT
the femoral head
Most sensitive diagnostic modality to dx
osteonecrosis
MRI
Most of the bone loss in post KT
osteoporosis occurs in the
first 6 months
after transplant.
Most common cause of early and late
allograft loss
Death with a functioning
allograft (mc. Casue: cardiovascular disease)
Most common type of PTLD post transplant
non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Most common time frame PTLD occurs post
KT:
24 months after transplant
Major risk factor for pre
eclampsia
APAS (followed by Renal
disease)
Most reliable sign of superimposed pre
eclampsia on chronic HPN (in the absence of
underlying renal disease
new onset
proteinuria (>300 mg/day) usually with
worsening HPN
The most common cause of AKI during
pregnancy
prerenal azotemia due to
hyperemesis gravidarum or vomiting from
acute pyelonephritis
Most common stones in pregnancy
Calcium
oxalate and calcium phosphate
Most common renal problem encountered
during gestation
infection of urinary trac
Most common complication of pregnancy in
KTR:
hypertension
Most relevant phosphatonin in the setting of
CKD
FGF23
Most important transport channel in the
transcellular uptake of Ca in the kidneys
TRPV5 (as opposed to intestines: TRPV 6)
highest density of protein expression of CasR
cortical thick ascending
limb.
most important determinantin minute to
minute PTH secretio
extracellular
concentration of ionized calcium
Most potent phosphate-binding compounds
Aluminum
most effective agent available for reducing
serum PTH levels in patients with ESRD
Cinacalcet
The most frequent side effect of cinacalcet
nausea and vomiting
Most common and most troublesome side
effect of icodectrin
Skin rashes
most common pathway of invasion in
peritonitis
catheter’s lumen
(the next most frequent pathway is by the
periluminal route)
Most common organism causing peritonitis
G (+) particularly S. epidermidis
Most common overt complication of primary
Hyperpara
nephrolithiasis
Most important inhibitor of stone formation
citrate
Most important regulator of citrate reabsorption
cell pH in the proximal tubule
The most prevalent cause of hyperuricosuria
in px with kidney stones
excessive dietary
purine
Most important and invariant finding in uric
acid nephrolithiasis
low urinary pH
Most common encountered stone with
HYPERURICOSURIA
ca oxalate
Most important stimuli for AVP secretion
under physiologic conditions
osmotic
pressure of plasma
Most common mutation in Congential NDI
mutations of the AVP V2 receptor
most common cause of drug induced NDI
lithium
Most common causes of
pseudohyponatremia
primary or secondary
hyperlipidemic disorders.
Most common extrarenal cause of
hypovolemic hyponatremia:
gastrointestinal
disease with vomiting or diarrhea.
Most common cause of diuretic induced
hyponatremia
thiazides
Most common cause of hyponatremia in
hospitalized px:
SIADH
Most common tumor causing SIADH
Small cell Ca
Most common side effect of Conivaptan
injection site reactions
Most commonly expressed KCC in the proximal tubule
KCC3 , KCC4
Most AQP1 in the tDL is expressed in what
type of epithelial cell:
type II
Most AQP1 expressed in this segment
thin descending limb of LOH (OM)
NKCC2 protein with the highest affinity for
Cl
NKCC2B
Most NaKATPase expressed in
DCT
