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Diagnostic M.'s Sara Peer mentor > Mosby's Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Mosby's Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the single most important factor in ensuring accuracy and success of the test results?

A

Patient Education

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2
Q

What is used to code and classify disease?

A

ICD-CM

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3
Q

What is used to code inpatient procedures?

A

ICD-PCS

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4
Q

What do most laboratory diagnostic tests use?

A

Serologic and Immunologic reactions between antibody and an antigen

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5
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Visible expression of the aggregation of soluble antigens

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6
Q

What is agglutination?

A

Visible expression of the aggregation of particulate antigens or antibodies

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7
Q

What indicates greater concentrations of the antibody or antigen?

A

persistent precipitation or agglutination as the specimen is diluted

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8
Q

What is Latex agglutination?

A

latex beads are coated with antibody molecules and when mixed with a specimen containing a particular antigen, the beads become visible due to agglutination

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9
Q

What is identified using Latex agglutination?

A

C-reactive proteins

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10
Q

What is alternative latex agglutination?

A

latex beads are coated with antigen instead of antibodies

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11
Q

What is alternative latex agglutination testing used for?

A

pregnancy testing

rubella testing

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12
Q

What is agglutination inhibition?

A

Patients specimen is incubated with the anti molecule being looked for (example, anti-hCG for hCG)

Latex particles are coated with the molecule being looked for and added to the specimen

If the specimen contains the molecule, no agglutination will occur

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13
Q

What is hemagglutination used for?

A

Identifies antibodies to antigens on the cell surface of red blood cells

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14
Q

Is RBC agglutination available in hemagglutination?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What testing uses hemagglutination?

A

Blood typing

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16
Q

What is immunoelectrophoresis?

A

allows previously electrophoresed proteins to act as antigens to which known specific antibodies are added

17
Q

What is immunoelectrophoresis used to identify?

A

Gammopathies
Hemoglobinopathies
Bence Jones Proteins

18
Q

What is immunofixation electrophoresis?

A

specific known antibody is added to a previously electrophoresed specimen and the antigen/antibody complexes become fixed to the electrophoresis gel medium and are then stained

19
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay

20
Q

What is ELISA used to detect?

A

detects antigens or antibodies by producing an ezyme triggered color change

21
Q

What is ELISA used to test for?

A

HIV
Hepatitis
Cytomegalovirus

22
Q

What is autoimmune enzyme immunoassays used to test for and how does it do this?

A

antinuclear antibodies and uses serial dilution with wells and color change

23
Q

What is chemiluminescent Immunoassays?

A

chemiluminescent labels are attached to an antibody or antigen; light emission produced by the immunologic reaction is then measured

24
Q

What is chemiluminescent immunoassays used to detect?

A

Proteins
Viruses
Nucleic Acid Sequences associated with disease

25
Q

What are chemiluminescent immunoassays typically used in?

A

automated immunoassays

26
Q

What is fluorescent Immunoassays?

A

antibodies are labeled with fluorescein and allowed to bind to either antigen or antiimmunoglobins; put under fluorescent microscope, the fluorescein with appear yellow/green

27
Q

What are fluorescent immunoassays used to test for?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

antinuclear antibodies

28
Q

What does nephelometry depend on?

A

light-scattering properties of antigen/antibody complexes as light passes through the test medium

29
Q

What is measured using nephelometry?

A

Automated C-reactive protein
Alpha antitrypsin
Haptoglobins
Immunoglobins

30
Q

What is PCR used to test for?

A

Diseases caused by gene mutation
Identifying and quantifying infectious agents like HPV or HIV
Identifying acquired genetic changes that may be present in hematologic malignancies or colon cancer

31
Q

What is used in PCR?

A

a short DNA “primer” sequence or RNA primer if its reverse transcription PCR

32
Q

What is Fluoresence in Situ Hybridization (FISH)?

A

identifies exact location of of complementary DNA sequence being targeted with nucleic probes

33
Q

What specimens do standard precautions apply to?

A 
Blood
Body Fluids
Tissues
Serous Fluids (pleural, peritoneal, amniotic, CSF, synovial)
Semen and vaginal secretions
34
Q

What do standard precautions require use of?

A

protective barriers

35
Q

What is the fundamental principle of standard precautions?

A

frequent handwashing between patients and when gloves are changed

36
Q

Which studies are most accurate if the patient has been on NPO for a few hours beforehand?

A

Barium Enema
Colonoscopy
Upper GI series
IVP

37
Q

What variables can affect test results?

A 
Age
Gender
Race
Pregnancy
Food Ingestion
Posture

Diagnostic M.'s Sara Peer mentor (27 decks)

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