Chapter 9: Recognizing Pneumonia Flashcards
What is the pattern of Disease in the lungs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tb)?
Upper lobe cavitary pneumonia with spread to the opposite lower lobe
What is the pattern of disease in the lung of Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Upper lobe lobar pneumonia with bulging interloper fissure
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or anaerobic organisms?
Lower Lobe cavitary pneumonia
What is the pattern of disease of in the lungs of Pneumocystis carinii?
Perihilar interstitial disease or perihilar airspace disease
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs of Coccidioides, TB?
thin walled upper lobe cavity
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs of Streptococci, staphylococci, TB?
Airspace disease with effusion
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs in Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Diffuse nodules
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs in Aspergillus?
Soft tissue, finger like shadows in the upper lobe
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs in Cryptococcus?
Solitary pulmonary nodules
What is the pattern of disease of the lungs in Aspergillus (Aspergilloma)?
Spherical soft tissue mass in a thin-walled upper lobe cavity
What are the key signs to recognizing a pneumonia?
More opaque than the surrounding normal lung
Tends to be homogenous in nature
May be associated with atelecstasis in the affected portion of the lung
What are the key signs to recognizing airspace disease?
The margins are fluffy and indistinct, except where they abut a pleural surface such as the interlobar fissures; in this case, they would be sharp
What are the key signs to recognize interstitial pneumonia?
Will cause a prominence of the interstitial tissues of the lung in the affected area; in some cases, the disease can spread to the alveoli and resemble airspace disease
What are the characteristics of Lobar Pneumonia?
Homogenous consolidation of affected lobe with air bronchograms centrally and produce the silhouette sign
What are the characteristics of segmental (bronchopneumonia) pneumonia?
Patchy airspace disease frequently involving several segments simultaneously
No air bronchogram
Atelecstasis may be associated
Can be associated with volume loss because the bronchi are also filled with inflammatory exudate
What are the characteristics of interstitial pneumonia?
Reticular interstitial disease usually diffusely spread throughout the lungs early in the disease process
Frequently progresses to airspace disease
What are the characteristics of round pneumonia?
Spherically shaped pneumonia usually seen in the lower lobes of children
May resemble a mass
What are the characteristics of cavitary pneumonia?
Produced by numerous microorganisms, chief amongst them being Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Contains lucent cavities produced by lung necrosis
What are the characteristics of bland gastric or water acute aspiration?
Rapidly appearing and rapidly clearing airspace disease in dependent lobe(s); not a pneumonia
What are the characteristics of infected aspirate (aspiration pneumonia)?
Usually lower lobes; frequently cavitates and may take months to clear
What are the characteristics of unneutralized stomach acid (chemical pneumonia)?
Almost immediate appearance of dependent airspace disease that frequently becomes secondarily infected
If the ascending aorta is no longer visible due to the silhouette sign, where is the disease?
Right upper lobe
If the right heart border is no longer visible due to the silhouette sign, where is the disease?
Right middle lower
If the Right hemidiaphragm is no longer visible due to the silhouette sign, where is the disease?
Right lower lobe
If the descending aorta is no longer visible due to the silhouette sign, where is the disease?
Left upper or lower lobe
If the left heart border is no longer visible due to the silhouette sign, where is the disease?
Lingula of left upper lobe
If the left hemidiaphragm is no longer visible due to the silhouette sign, where is the disease?
Left lower lobe
How can pneumonia be localized?
By using the silhouette sign and spine sign
How do pneumonia’s resolve?
By “breaking up” so that they contain patchy areas of newly aerated lung within the confines of the previous pneumonia = vacuolization
