MOSBY Flashcards
Acantholysis, resulting from desmosome weakening by autoantibodies directed against the protein desmoglein, is the disease mechanism attributed to which of the following?
A. Epidermolysis bullosa
B. Mucous membrane pemphigoid
C. Pemphigus vulgaris
D. Herpes simplex infections
E. Herpangina
C. Pemphigus vulgaris
Papillomavirus has been found in all of the following lesions except _____.
A. Oral papillomas
B. Verruca vulgaris of the oral mucosa
C. Condyloma acuminatum
D. Condyloma latum
E. Focal epithelial hyperplasia
C. Condyloma acuminatum
Intranuclear viral inclusions are seen in tissue specimens of which of the following?
A. Solar cheilitis
B. Minor aphthous ulcers
C. Geographic tongue
D. Hairy leukoplakia
E. White sponge nevus
D. Hairy leukoplakia
The odontogenic neoplasm, which is composed of loose, primitive-appearing connective tissue that resembles dental pulp, microscopically is known as _____.
A. Odontoma
B. Ameloblastoma
C. Ameloblastic fibroma
D. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
E. Odontogenic myxoma
E. Odontogenic myxoma
A biopsy of the lower lip salivary glands showed replacement of parenchymal tissue by lymphocytes. The patient also had xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. These findings are indicative of which of the following?
A. Lymphoma
B. Crohn’s disease
C. Mumps
D. Sjögren’s syndrome
E. Mucous extravasation phenomenon
D. Sjögren’s syndrome
A patient seeks help for recurrent palatal pain. She presents with multiple punctate ulcers in the hard palate that were preceded by tiny blisters. Her lesions typically heal in about 2 weeks and reappear during stressful times. She has _____.
A. Aphthous ulcers
B. Recurrent primary herpes
C. Recurrent secondary herpes
D. Erythema multiforme
E. Discoid lupus
C. Recurrent secondary herpes
Conservative surgical excision would be appropriate treatment and probably curative for which of the following?
A. Nodular fasciitis
B. Fibromatosis
C. Fibrosarcoma
D. Rhabdomyosarcoma
E. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
A. Nodular fasciitis
On a routine radiographic exam, a well-defined radiolucent lesion was seen in the body of the mandible of a 17-year-old boy. At the time of operation, it proved to be an empty cavity. This is a(an) _____.
A. Osteoporotic bone marrow
B. Aneurysmal bone cyst
C. Odontogenic keratocyst
D. Static bone cyst
E. Traumatic bone cyst
E. Traumatic bone cyst
A 21-year-old woman went to her dentist because of facial asymmetry. This had occurred gradually over a period of 3 years. The patient had no symptoms. A diffusely opaque lesion was found in her right maxilla. All lab tests (CBC, alkaline phosphatase, calcium) were within normal limits. Biopsy was interpreted as a fibroosseous lesion. She most likely has _____.
A. Cementoblastoma
B. Fibrous dysplasia
C. Cherubism
D. Osteosarcoma
E. Chronic osteomyelitis
C. Cherubism
A cutaneous maculopapulary rash of the head and neck preceded by small ulcers in the buccal mucosa would suggest which of the following?
A. Primary herpes simplex infection
B. Rubeola
C. Varicella
D. Primary syphilis
E. Actinomycosis
B. Rubeola
The idiopathic condition in which destructive inflammatory lesions featuring necrotizing vasculitis are seen in the lung, kidney, and upper respiratory tract is known as _____.
A. Epidermolysis bullosa
B. Stevens–Johnson syndrome
C. Sturge–Weber syndrome
D. Wegener’s granulomatosis
E. Secondary syphilis
D. Wegener’s granulomatosis
The purpose of a high-voltage transformer in an x-ray machine is to _____.
A. Decrease the tube current
B. Increase the wavelength of the x-rays
C. Improve timer accuracy
D. Increase the potential between the filament and the cathode
E. Regulate the rate of release of photons from the anode
F. Increase resistance in the filament
D. Increase the potential between the filament and the cathode
The mean energy of an x-ray beam is influenced by the _____.
A. Kilovoltage
B. Milliamperage
C. Voltage in the filament circuit
D. Quantity of electrons in the tube current
E. Amount of filtration
F. Two of the above
G. None of the above
F. Two of the above
The function of the filament is to _____.
A. Convert electrons into photons
B. Convert photons into electrons
C. Release photons
D. Release electrons
E. None of the above
D. Release electrons
The most radiosensitive of the following cells in terms of cell killing is the _____.
A. Salivary gland acinar cell
B. Basal epithelial cell
C. Endothelial cell
D. Neuron.
E. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
B. Basal epithelial cell
The long-term histopathologic consequences to an irradiated organ depend on _____.
A. The presence of oxygen at the time of irradiation
B. The sensitivity of the parenchymal component
C. The damage to the stromal component
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
The term ALARA refers to _____.
A. Reducing patient exposure to as low as is reasonably achievable
B. As little as Roentgen allowed, an algorithm for limiting patient exposure
C. A legal requirement to optimize occupational exposure in dental radiology
D. Optimizing image quality
E. Reducing the costs of radiographic examinations
A. Reducing patient exposure to as low as is reasonably achievable
X-ray film is composed of _____.
A. Silver halide crystals suspended in plastic and coated on a gelatin base
B. Sodium thiosulphate crystals and suspended within a plastic base
C. A plastic base coated with silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin
D. Fluorescent particles that react to x-radiation
C. A plastic base coated with silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin
It is generally desirable that x-ray films be all of the following except _____.
A. High speed
B. Fine grain size
C. Coated with emulsion on both sides
D. Sensitive to visible light
D. Sensitive to visible light❌
You are unsure of the location of an opaque mass seen over a molar root on a periapical view. A second view of the same region, made with the x-ray machine oriented more from the mesial, reveals that the object has moved mesially with respect to the molar roots on the first view. The location of the object is _____.
A. Buccal to the roots
B. Lingual to the roots
C. In the same plane as the roots
D. Insufficient information to form an opinion
B. Lingual to the roots
Cone-cutting results from _____.
A. Too great a target–film distance
B. Not selecting the proper kVp
C. Not enough time exposure
D. The x-ray machine being improperly aimed
D. The x-ray machine being improperly aimed
If your radiographs start coming out too light, it may be that _____.
A. Your exposure time is too long
B. Your developer needs changing
C. Your developer is too hot
D. The fixer needs changing
E. The films are not sufficiently washed
B. Your developer needs changing
If an unwrapped, nonprocessed x-ray film is exposed to normal light for just a second and then processed, it _____.
A. May still be used but will be a little dark
B. May still be used but will be a little light
C. May still be used but will be brown
D. Will be completely black
E. Will be completely clear
D. Will be completely black
To ensure high radiographic image quality, it is important to daily _____.
A. Check the temperature of the processing solutions
B. Clean the processing equipment
C. Clean the intensifying screens
D. Calibrate the mA linearity
A. Check the temperature of the processing solutions
Radiographs of the pregnant patient _____.
A. Should never be made
B. Cause fetal injury
C. Should only be made with triple leaded aprons on the mother’s lap
D. Should be made when there is a specific need
D. Should be made when there is a specific need
Which of the following is a potential sequela of an acute periapical abscess?
A. Central giant cell granuloma
B. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Periapical granuloma
E. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
D. Periapical granuloma
Which of the following odontogenic cysts occurs as a result of stimulation and proliferation of the reduced enamel epithelium?
A. Dentigerous cyst
B. Lateral root cyst
C. Radicular cyst
D. Odontogenic keratocyst
E. Gingival cyst
A. Dentigerous cyst
Two cystic radiolucencies in the mandible of a 16-year-old boy were lined by thin, parakeratinized epithelium showing palisading of basal cells. All teeth were vital and the patient had no symptoms. This patient most likely has which of the following?
A. Odontogenic Keratocysts
B. Periapical granulomas
C. Periapical cysts
D. Traumatic bone cysts
E. Ossifying fibromas
A. Odontogenic Keratocysts
When a diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst is made, the patient should be advised as to _____.
A. The need for full-mouth extractions
B. The association with colonic polyps
C. The associated recurrence rate
D. The likelihood of malignant transformation
E. The need for additional laboratory studies
C. The associated recurrence rate
A painless, well-circumscribed 1 ¥ 3-cm radiolucent lesion with radiopaque focus was found in the posterior mandible of an 11-year-old boy. Which of the following should be included in a differential diagnosis?
A. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
B. Paget’s disease
C. Dentigerous cyst
D. Ameloblastoma
E. Langerhans cell disease
A. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
Herpes simplex virus is the cause of which of the following?
A. Minor aphthous ulcers
B. Herpetiform aphthae
C. Herpes whitlow
D. Herpangina
E. Herpes zoster
C. Herpes whitlow
A 12-year-old patient presents with premature loss of primary teeth. On radiographic exam, a sharply marginated lucency is seen in the area of tooth loss. Biopsy shows a round cell infiltrate with numerous eosinophils. This would suggest which of the following?
A. Cherubism
B. Gardner’s syndrome
C. Paget’s disease
D. Fibrous dysplasia
E. Langerhans cell disease
E. Langerhans cell disease
A 15-year-old patient has a numb lower lip and pain in her right posterior mandible. A radiogram shows uniform thickening of the periodontal membrane space of tooth #30. The tooth shows abnormally increased mobility. Which one of the following should be seriously considered?
A. Periapical cyst
B. Periapical granuloma
C. Traumatic bone cyst
D. Ameloblastoma
E. Malignancy
E. Malignancy
Which of the following signs or symptoms suggest a chronic benign process?
A. Paresthesia
B. Pain
C. Vertical tooth mobility
D Uniformly widened periodontal membrane space
E. Sclerotic bony margins
E. Sclerotic bony margins
Central and peripheral giant cell granulomas share which of the following features?
A. Microscopic appearance
B. Clinical behavior
C. Recurrence rate
D. Similar forms of treatment
E. Radiographic appearance
A. Microscopic appearance
Diffuse soft swelling of the lips and neck following the ingestion of drugs, shellfish, or nuts is known as _____.
A. Fixed drug reaction
B. Anaphylaxis
C. Urticaria
D. Acquired angioedema
E. Contact allergy
D. Acquired angioedema
A 7-year-old patient presents with a quadrant of teeth showing abnormal formation of both enamel and dentin. All of his other teeth appear clinically normal. Radiographically, the affected teeth can be described as “ghost teeth.” He has _____.
A. Regional odontodysplasia
B. Dens evaginatus
C. Dentin dysplasia
D. Ectodermal dysplasia
E. Cleidocranial dysplasia
A. Regional odontodysplasia
An adult patient presents with a 0.5 ¥ 0.5-cm submucosal mass in the posterior lateral tongue. Biopsy shows a neoplasm composed of glandlike elements and connective tissue elements. It is covered by normal-appearing epithelium. This could be which of the following?
A. Oral wart
B. Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)
C. Granular cell tumor
D. Idiopathic leukoplakia
E. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
B. Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)
Oral squamous cell carcinomas present typically in which of the following ways?
A. Vesicular eruption
B. Pigmented patch
C. Inflamed pustule
D. Submucosal swelling
E. Indurated nonhealing ulcer
E. Indurated nonhealing ulcer
A clinical differential diagnosis of an asymptomatic submucosal lump or nodule in the tongue would include all the following except _____.
A. Traumatic fibroma
B. Neurofibroma
C. Granular cell tumor
D. Salivary gland tumor
E. Dermoid cyst
E. Dermoid cyst
Ectopic lymphoid tissue would most likely be found in which of the following sites?
A. Hard gingiva
B. Soft gingiva
C. Floor of mouth
D. Dorsum of tongue
E. Vermilion of the lip
C. Floor of mouth
The Schwann cell is the cell of origin for which of the following tumors?
A. Odontogenic myxoma
B. Rhabdomyoma
C. Neurofibroma
D. Mixed tumor
E. Leiomyoma
C. Neurofibroma
A 43-year-old-male patient presents with an asymptomatic anterior palatal swelling. A radiograph shows a 1 × 1-cm lucency and divergence of tooth roots #8 and #9. All teeth in the area are vital. This is most likely a(an) _____.
A. Periapical granuloma
B. Aneurysmal bone cyst
C. Nasopalatine duct cyst
D. Globulomaxillary lesion
E. Dermoid cyst
C. Nasopalatine duct cyst
The globulomaxillary lesion of bone _____.
A. Is associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth
B. Occurs between maxillary lateral and canine teeth
C. Typically causes pain
D. Typically presents as a mixed lucent-opaque lesion with ill-defined margins
E. Is always associated with a nonvital tooth
B. Occurs between maxillary lateral and canine teeth
A generalized red, atrophic tongue would suggest all of the following except _____.
A. Vitamin B deficiency
B. Pernicious anemia
C. Chronic candidiasis
D. Iron deficiency anemia
E. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
E. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome includes multiple basal cell carcinomas, bone abnormalities, and which of the following?
A. Osteomas
B. Café-au-lait macules
C. Odontogenic keratocysts
D. Hypoplastic teeth
E. Lymphoma
C. Odontogenic keratocysts
All of the following characteristically present under the age of 20 except _____.
A. Traumatic bone cyst
B. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
C. Ameloblastic fibroma
D. Compound odontoma
E. Ameloblastoma
E. Ameloblastoma
Oral and genital lesions are seen in patients with which of the following diseases?
A. Behçet’s syndrome
B. Peutz–Jegher’s syndrome
C. Herpangina
D. Wegener’s granulomatosis
E. Hairy leukoplakia
A. Behçet’s syndrome
A 32-year-old male patient presented with a 1 x 2-cm macular red-blue lesion in his hard palate. The lesion was asymptomatic and had been present for an unknown duration. He had no dental abnormalities and no significant periodontal disease. This could be all the following except _____.
A. Vascular malformation
B. Nicotine stomatitis
C. Ecchymosis
D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
E. Erythroplasia
B. Nicotine stomatitis
Bremsstrahlung radiation results from _____.
A. X-rays interacting with electrons
B. Electrons interacting with electrons
C. Electrons interacting with nuclei
D. L shell electrons falling into the K shell
E. Photons interacting with nuclei
F. Photons converting into electrons
C. Electrons interacting with nuclei
X-rays are produced in most conventional dental x-ray machines _____.
A. Continuously during operation
B. When there is a large space charge
C. Half the time during operation
D. When the anode carries a negative charge
E. Only when the beam is collimated
F. Only during the first half of each second
C. Half the time during operation
Deterministic effects are those that _____.
A. Show a severity of response proportional to dose
B. Are seen only in the oral cavity
C. Are found following exposure to low levels of radiation
D. Result from particulate radiation such as alpha and beta particles, but not x-rays
E. None of the above
A. Show a severity of response proportional to dose
In the radiolysis of water, _____.
A. Free radicals are formed which are nonreactive
B. The presence of dissolved O2 reduces the number of free radicals
C. The formation of free radicals is the “direct effect”
D. The resultant free radicals may alter biological molecules
E. Two of the above
F. None of the above
E. Two of the above
The radiosensitivity of cells depends upon _____.
A. Mitotic future
B. Mitotic activity
C. Degree of differentiation
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Rectangular collimation is recommended because it _____.
A. Deflects scatter radiation
B. Decreases patient dose
C. Increases film density
D. Increases film contrast
B. Decreases patient dose
It is acceptable for the operator to hold the film in a patient’s mouth _____.
A. If the patient is a child
B. If the patient or parent grants permission
C. If the patient has a handicap
D. If no film holder is available
E. Never
E. Never
A comparison of screen film/intensifying screen combinations with direct-exposure films reveals that screen film/intensifying screen combinations _____.
A. Render less resolution
B. Require more exposure
C. Require special processing chemistry
D. Are preferred for intraoral radiography
A. Render less resolution
It is important that the film base be _____.
A. Opaque
B. Very rigid
C. Flexible
D. Completely clear
E. Sensitive to x-rays
C. Flexible
Excessive vertical angulation causes _____.
A. Overlapping
B. Foreshortening
C. Elongation
D. Cone-cutting
B. Foreshortening
To obtain the most geometrically accurate image, which of the following is false?
A. The film should be parallel to the object.
B. The central ray should be parallel to the object.
C. The central ray should be perpendicular to the film.
D. The object-to-film distance should be short.
E. The object-to-anode distance should be long.
B. The central ray should be parallel to the object.❌
The central ray should be PERPENDICULAR to the object
The size of the x-ray tube focal spot influences radiographic _____.
A. Density
B. Contrast
C. Resolution
D. Magnification
E. Both C and D
C. Resolution
The primary function of developer is to _____.
A. Reduce crystals of silver halide to solid silver grains
B. Reduce solid silver grains to specks of silver halide
C. Remove unexposed silver halide crystals
D. Remove exposed silver halide crystals
A. Reduce crystals of silver halide to solid silver grains
If an exposed radiograph is too dark after proper development, one should _____.
A. Place it back in the fixer
B. Place it back in the developer
C. Decrease development time
D. Increase milliamperage
E. Decrease exposure time
F. Decrease development temperature
E. Decrease exposure time
The radiolucent portions of the images on a processed dental x-ray film are made up of _____.
A. Microscopic grains of silver halide
B. Microscopic grains of metallic silver
C. A gelatin on a cellulose acetate base
D. Unexposed silver bromide
B. Microscopic grains of metallic silver
The purpose of the “penny test” is to check _____.
A. Developer action
B. Fixer action
C. For proper development temperature
D. For proper safelighting conditions
D. For proper safelighting conditions
Proper radiographic infection control includes all of the following except _____.
A. Wearing gloves while making radiographs
B. Disinfecting x-ray machine surface
C. Covering working surfaces with barriers
D. Sterilizing nondisposable instruments
E. Sterilizing film packets
E. Sterilizing film packets
Occlusal radiographs are useful for all of the following except _____.
A. For views of the TMJ
B. For displaying large segments of the mandibular arch
C. When the patient has limited opening
D. When there are sialoliths in the floor of the mouth
E. When there is buccal-lingual expansion of the mandible
A. For views of the TMJ
