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Human Biology > Morphology of Humans 2 > Flashcards

Morphology of Humans 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Interoreceptors

A

Monitor internal environment

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2
Q

Externoreceptors

A

Monitor external environment

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3
Q

External ear

A

gathers sound towards middle ear

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4
Q

middle ear

A

conducts sound waves to inner ear

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5
Q

inner ear

A

transforms vibrational waves into electrical impulses

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6
Q

Stages of hearing (5)

A

1.) sound wave enters ear, 2.) conduction of sound waves to the inner ear, 3.) vibrational wave stimulate organ of corti hair cells, 4-5.) vibrational waves dissipate at the round window

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7
Q

three layers of eye

A

sclera, blood vessels, retina

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8
Q

sclera

A

whites of eye

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9
Q

retina (2)

A

photoreceptor and optic nerve

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10
Q

cornea (2)

A

clear part of eye, 80% focusing

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11
Q

pupil

A

opening of eye

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12
Q

iris

A

pigmented layer behind cornea

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13
Q

lens (2)

A

clear and flexible protein, 20% of focusing

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14
Q

Pupil dilated

A

lens thin

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15
Q

pupil constricted

A

lens thick

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16
Q

rods (2)

A

black and white vision, most common in peripheral field of vision

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17
Q

cones (2)

A

color vision, most common in central field of vision

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18
Q

leverage system parts (3)

A

resistance, fulcrum, applied energy

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19
Q

resistance

A

force that must be overcome for movement

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20
Q

fulcrum

A

joint between bones

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21
Q

applied energy

A

muscular force applied on leverage to overcome resistance

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22
Q

axial skeleton (4)

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

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23
Q

appendicular skeleton (2)

A

bones that form joints connecting the bones to the axial skeleton and bones of each limb.

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24
Q

epiphysis (2)

A

ends of long bone the form joints with other bones, spongy bone

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25
Q

spongy bone (2)

A

located in epiphysis, blood cell formation in red marrow

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26
Q

Diaphysis (2)

A

shaft of long bones. has medullary cavity for fat storage in yellow marrow

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27
Q

periosteum (2)

A

connect tissue that surrounds bone tissue, attachment of tendons

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28
Q

osteon

A

microscopic unit of bone

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29
Q

osteoblasts

A

build bone

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30
Q

osteoclasts

A

breakdown bone

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31
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

32
Q

origin

A

attachment is stationary

33
Q

belly

A

thickens as muscle contracts and shortens

34
Q

tendons

A

connective tissue attachment to origin and insertion

35
Q

Myofibril (3)

A

Made up of sarcomeres. Sarcomere have thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filament.

36
Q

Functions of skeletomuscular system

A

1.) movement, 2.) protect organs, 3.) internal heat production, 4.) posture, 5.) blood cells synthesis, 6.) stores and releases minerals

37
Q

Parts of CVS (3)

A

heart, vessels, blood

38
Q

Chambers of heart (4)

A

left and right atria, left and right ventricles

39
Q

connective vessels of heart (4)

A

aorta, vena cava, pulmonary veins, pulmonary trunk

40
Q

arteries (3)

A

carry blood away from heart. small diameter high pressure

41
Q

capillaries

A

exchange (oxygen)

42
Q

veins (3)

A

carry blood toward the heart, large diameter low pressure

43
Q

composition of blood (4)

A

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

44
Q

functions of CVS (6)

A

1.) nutrient transport and exchange, 2.) transport of gases, 3.) transport of vitamins, 4.) heat exchange, 5.) engorgement of penis

45
Q

upper respiratory tract (3)

A

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx

46
Q

lower respiratory tract (5)

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

47
Q

structure of pulmonary circuit (3)

A

pulmonary arteries, capillaries and veins

48
Q

function of pulmonary circuit

A

deliver blood from heart to longs for external gas exchange

49
Q

organization of muscles (5)

A

whole muscle, skeletal muscle cell (myofiber), myofibril, sarcomere (actin and myosin)

50
Q

systemic circulation

A

arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart

51
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart and veins carry oxygenated blood towards the heart

52
Q

GIT tube (8)

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

53
Q

Accessory organs of digestive system (4)

A

salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

54
Q

cross section of GIT (6)

A

mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle layer, serosa, blood supply, enteric nervous system

55
Q

mucosa (GIT) (2)

A

innermost lining, cells that produce mucus

56
Q

serosa (GIT)

A

connective tissue that contains GIT tube

57
Q

enteric nervous system (GIT) (2)

A

nervous system associated with digestive system, connects to the CNS

58
Q

esophageal sphincter

A

prevents back flow of acid

59
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

controls flow into small intestine

60
Q

anatomy of small intestine (6)

A

duodenum, jejunum, illeum, pyloric sphincter, illeocecal valve

61
Q

cross section of small intestine (4)

A

intestinal glands, vili, microvili, hepatic portal vein

62
Q

anatomy of large intestine (8)

A

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

63
Q

major salivary glands (3)

A

parotid, sublingual, submanidbular

64
Q

bile (3)

A

made in liver and stored in gall bladder, emulsifies fat

65
Q

islets of langerhans (2)

A

in pancreas, produces insulin and glucagon

66
Q

gross anatomy of urinary system (5)

A

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, blood supply

67
Q

anatomy of the kidney (4)

A

cortex, medulla, minor and major calyxes (collect urine and meet at ureter), renal pelvis

68
Q

microscopic anatomy of a nephron (9)

A

glomerular capsule, nephron tubule (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule), collecting duct, capillaries (glomerulus and peritubular capillaries)

69
Q

hypothalamus (2)

A

assesses drives like hunger and thirst and communicates with pituitary gland

70
Q

pituitary gland

A

master gland

71
Q

anterior pituitary (2)

A

receives hormones from brain, 6 hormones

72
Q

posterior pituitary 2

A

neural connection, 2 hormones

73
Q

adrenal glands 2

A

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

74
Q

endometrium 2

A

inner layer of uterus, where embryo implants

75
Q

myometrium 2

A

outer layer of uterus, muscle contractions for childbirth

76
Q

erectile tissue 4

A

corpora cavernosa, corpora spongiosum, glans penis, clitoris

Human Biology (5 decks)

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