Morphology Of Flowering Plants 2 Flashcards
Position of floral part on thalamus
HYPOGYNOUS: Gynoecium is highest
Ovaries are superior
MUSTARD, CHINA ROSE,Brinjal,Petunia
PERIGYNOUS: Centre, other at rim or periphery to thalamus
Ovaries are Half inferior
PLUM, RISE, PEACH
EPIGYNOUS: Ovaries are enclosed complete, fused, other part are above
GUAVA, CUCUMBER, BITTERGOURD, Sunflower ray floret
Calyx
Corolla
Androecium
Gynoecium
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Csrpel
Types of calyx
Gamosepalous sepal United
Polysepalous- sepal free
Corolla shape
Tubular, bell shape, funnel shape, wheel shape
Aestivation
Arrangements of sepal, Petal in floral bud with respect to other member of the same whrol Valvate Twisted Imbricate Vexillary
Valvate
Margin just touch eachother, no overlapping
CALOTROPIS
Twisted
Sepal, peal overlap adjacent sepal, Petal
CHINA ROSE, LADIES FINGER, COTTON
Imbricate
Margin overlap but in different directions
CASSIA, GULMOHUR
Vexillary
Large (standard) overlap smaller lateral (wings) overlap analyst anterior (keel)
Androecium
Male
Inner to corolla
Stamen- anther, filament
Length of filament may varry like in Salvia, mustard
Sterile stamen
Staminode
Adhesion of stamen
Stamen attached with Petal: epipetalous, BRINGAL
With preinath: epiphyllous: LILY
Adhesion of stamen
Free stamen- polyandrous
1 bundle: monoadelophous, China Rose
2 bundle: diadepholus, pea
More: polyandrous, Citrus
Gynoecium
Female
Free calpel, lotus, rose- Apocarpous
Fused carpel- mustard, tomato- synchronous
Ovary
Basal, swollen Chamber of ovaries- Loculi 1 C- unilocular 2- bi 3-tri Ovules are borne in these chambers
Placentra
Marginal Axile Parietal Free central Basal
Marginal
ridge along vertical suture of ovary
Ovules are borne in 2 alternate rows
Pea
Axile
Axile position, ovules are located in multilocular ovary
China Rose, tomata, lemon
Parietal
One chamber ovary becomes 2 chamber due to false septum
Ovule develop on innerwall on peripheral
MUSTARD, ARGEMONE
Free central
Ovules are borne on central axis, septa absent in ovary
PRIMROSE, DIANTHUS
Basal
The placenta develops at base, single ovule in placenta
SUNFLOWER, MARIGOLD
Parthenocarpic fruit
Fruits without fertilisation
Banana
Part of fruit
Fruit wall: pericarp develops from walls of ovary Dry or fleshy If fleshy: Epicarp outer Mesocrap middle Endocarp innermost
Seeds develop from ovules:
Grapes,banana
In apple, pear fruit formation with other part
Simple fruit
Aggregate fruit
Multiple fruit
Syncarpous ovary,
Dry fruit, succulent
Polycarpellary, Apocarpous: Strawberry, RaSbErry
Entire inflorescence, JACKFRUIT, mulberry, pineapple, Ficus
Dry fruit
Dehiscent: Legume or pod: PEA, Silqua or silicula: BRASSICACEAE, capsule: DATURA
Burst automatically and discharge seed
Indehiscent: Cypsela(sunflower), Caryopsis(wheat, maize, rice), Scheme(mirabillis) nut(litchi)
Do not burst automatically, liberation of seed, decomposition, destruction of pericarp
Succulent/ fleshy fruit
Drupe: mango, coconut BERRY: Tomato, guava, grapes Peepo: Cucumber POME: Apple, Pear Hesperidium: orange, Citrus Balausta: Pomegranate
Drupe
One seed fruit, diff into epicarp, meso, endo(hard, stony)
Mango: epi is skin
Meso is juicy p, edible
Coconut: Coco’s nuctifera: meso is fibrous, so fibrous drupe
Walnu( Jutland regia)
Parthenocarpic fruit
Fruit without fertilisation
Banana
Seed
Dicot seed
Seed coat + embryo
Embryo: embryo axis + 1( wheat maize) or 2cotyledons ( gram, pea)
,, + Endosperm
Seed coat
Develops from interguments of ovules
2 layer: outer testa, inner tegmen
Hilum is scar in seed coat where seed is attached to fruit
Above hilum is micropyle small pore
Embryo
Most important part of seed
2 cotyledons, fleshy, food materials
End of axis are radical, plumule
Endosperm
Double fertilisation
Storage eg castor
But in bean, gram, pea not present,
Monocotyledons seed
In seed of cereal such as maize, seed coat is membranous
Endosperm, embryo are below it.
Orchids are no endosperm
Protenatious structure: Aleutone layer
Embryo is small, at groove at endosperm end.
Large, shield shaped cotyledons: scutellum, short axis plume, radicle
Plumele sheath: Coleptile, Radicle: coleorrhiza
Perispermic seed
Stays in seed, perisperm Piper nigrum (black pepper)
Brassicasea
Inflorescence corumb, corymbose- raceme
Flower tetramerous
Cruciform corolla
Tetradynamous condition, sometime didynamous
Bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovaries, unilocular but binocular due to replum, partiesl platform, stigma Bivins
Fruit is siiqua, silicula
Fabaceae
All World
First called papilionoideae, a sub family of family Leguminosae
Tree, shrubs, herb, climbers
Tap root, root with root nodules branched. Has rhizobium
Stem: erect, climber
Leaves: alternate, rarely simple, pinnately compound,venation reticullate, leaves into tendrils, stipulate, pulvinate
Fabaceae floral:
Racemose Bisexual, zygomorphic Sepal 5, valvate, imbricate aestivation Petal 5, polypetalous, consistin of posterior standard, 2 lateral wings, 2 anterior one froming keel, vexxillary aestivation Androecium: Ten, diadepholus, dithecocus Gynoecium: ovary superior, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, styl single, many ovule in 2 alternative row Fruit: legume Seed: 1 to many, non endospermic
