Morphology of bacteria (general) and microscopy general satining technique

Question 1

• What is microbiology?

- It’s amin and task

Answer 1

• Is the science of minute organisms that are not directly visible for the naked eye.
• Elaboration of scientific treatment and prevention to infectious diseases.

Question 2

Main studies of microbiology

Answer 2

1-General microbiology
2-Infectious immunology
3-Special microbiology
Furthermore, it is divided in:
a)bacteriology 
b)mycology
c)protozoology

Question 3

Methods of microbiological study

Answer 3

a) Microscopical methods
b) Microbiological method (pure culture isolation)
c) Immunological method (allergic and sorological tests)
d) Biological experimental method

Question 4

Features of microorganisms

Answer 4

1- Small in size
2- Unicellular creatures
3- They use similiar types of studies to be analyzed because of their similarities in size and microscopic examination of culture.

Question 5

Units of microorganism

Answer 5

1-Simples= 10-300 microns (micrometer)
2- Microscopic fungi = 5-100 microns
3- bacteria= 0.1-10 microns
4-Viruses= 20-300 nm (nanometer)

Question 6

What are biovars?

Answer 6

Individuals of the same species, having the same biological properties (biochemical, physiological…)- “subspecies”

Question 7

What are Morfovar?

Answer 7

Individuals of the same species but with different morphological characteristics.

Question 8

What are Phagovar?

Answer 8

Individuals of the same species but with different sensitivity to phages.

Question 9

What are Chemovar?

Answer 9

Same species with different biochemical features.

Question 10

What are Serovars?

Answer 10

Same species and different antigenic properties.

Question 11

What are starins?

Answer 11

Microbial population (same species) but isolated from different sources (humans, animals, objects, environment…) or from the same source at different times.

Question 12

What are Clones?

Answer 12

Microbioal population (same species) which offspring is from a single cell.

Question 13

What are the arrangments of cocci?

Answer 13

1- Monococcus/ Micrococci 
2-Diplococci
3-Streptococci  (like a chain) 
4-Tetracocci  
5-Staphylococci (like grapes)
6- Sarcinae (Packges of 8. Therefore, 8, 16, 32...)

Question 14

I)What are the types of rods?

II)What are the arrangements of rods?

Answer 14

I)
1-Non sporing (bacteria)
2-Sporing
a)Bacillus (the spore has central position)
b)Chlostridium (the spore has terminal position)

II) -bacteria occur in pairs.

• Bacteria occur in chains of different lenghts.
• Don’t necessarily are organized in a regular pattern.

Question 15

-Types of spiral shaped bacteria?

Answer 15

1) Vibrios

2) Spirilla