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MICROBIOLOGY > Bacteria cell structure > Flashcards

Bacteria cell structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Units of microorganis taxonomy

A

MICROBIAL WORD

1) Acellula
1. 1- Prions
1. 2- Virus and viroids
2) Celullar
2. 1- prokaryote
2. 2- eukaryote

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2
Q

How is done the Binary nomenclature?

A

(genus) 1 + (species) 2

Mycobacterium leprae

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3
Q

Constant elements of bacterial cell structure

A 
1- cell wall
2- cytoplasm
3- plasma membrane 
4- nucleoid 
5- ribossomes 
6- mesosomes
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4
Q

Incontanst elements of bacterial cell structure

A 
1-Pili 
2- Flagellae 
3- Capsule 
4- Spore
5- Plasmides 
6- Inclusions
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5
Q

CELL WALL

A

Components: Peptidoglycan

Function: 
-protection
-keep the microorganisms shape 
-prevention from osmotic swelling and cell rupture
(do have pores)
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6
Q

FLAGELLAE

A

components: protein
functions: locomotion

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7
Q

PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

components: bilipid layer maid of phospholipids

functions:
- transport of chemicals throught the membrane (passive or active)
- keeps the chemicals concentration (cell potential)
- separates intracelullar from the outercellular environment .

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8
Q

MESOSOME

A

components: same as cell membrane

functions:

  • center of respiratory activity of bacteria (Lateral mesosome- several in the cell)
  • paticipates in cell division (Septal mesosome- only one in the cell)
  • intracelullar metabolism
  • coordination of enzyme system
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9
Q

CYTOPLASM

A

components: proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, lipids, minerals and water (80%)

functions:
- Is the medium for intracellular metabolism.
- Is where organelles are localized (ribosomes. nucleoid and inclusions)

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10
Q

NUCLEOID

A

components: double stranded DNA, haploid.
functions: Is the genetic material (1 chromosome only) of the bacteria

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11
Q

PLASMIDS

A

components:Extrachromosomal circular DNA segments

functions:
-Inheritance of aditional features like drug resistance, toxigenicity, etc.

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12
Q

RIBOSOMES AND POLYRIBOSOMES

A

components:Ribosomal RNA and protein

functions:
- protein synthesis

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13
Q

INTRACYTOPLASMATIC INCLUSIONS

A

functions:

- Spare nutrients

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14
Q

TYPES OF MESOSOME

A
  • septal mesosome (one in the cell; cell division)

- lateral mesosome (several in the cell; respiratoty centers)

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15
Q

PILI (aka fimbriae)

A

components: protein (pillin)

functions:
* Common pili: For attachment to the substrate.
* sexual pili: Take part in the conjugation process, responsible for the genetic exchange between bacteria.

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16
Q

CAPSULE

A

components: polysaccharides, polypeptydes (2%) and water (98%)

functions:

  • Protection (mostly chemical)
  • Inhace the virulence
  • Acts as an antigen
17
Q

SPORE

A
  • Is a resisnt and dorment form of the bacteria.
  • It contains the genetic material.
  • It is formed when the bacteria is in an environment which is not viable for living.
  • The spore opens again when the bacteria is again in a favorable environment
18
Q

Spore positions in bacteria

A

1-central
2-terminal
3- subterminal

19
Q

Bacteria with LACK of cell wall

A

1- Spheroplasts
2-Protoplasts
3- L- form bacteria
4- Mycoplasma

20
Q

SPHEROPLASTS

A
  • derived from Gram - bacteria
  • Partial loss of cell wall
  • cannot reproduce
  • Are unstabel (able to reverse the transformation)
21
Q

PROTOBLASTS

A
  • derived from Gram + bacteria
  • Complete loss of cell wall
  • Cannot reproduce
  • Are unstable (able to reverse the transformation)
22
Q

L-FORM

A
  • Are strains of bacteria lacking cell wall
  • Can reproduce (binary fission)
  • Are divided in:
    a) stable (cannot return to their original form)
    b) unstabel (can return to their original form)
  • Their transformation can be spontaneous of forced.
  • Their transformation happen uppon presence of a causative factor.
23
Q

SPORE-forming pathogens

A 
1- Bacillus anthracis 
2- Chlostridium tetani
3- C. botulinum 
4- C. Perfrigens 
5- C. septicum 
6- C. histolyticum
24
Q

ENCAPSULATED pathogens

A

1- Klebsiella pneumoniae
2- K. ozaenae
3- K. rhinocleromatis

25
Q

containing INCLUSIONS pathogens

A

1- Chamydophila psittaci

2- Corybacterium diphteriae

MICROBIOLOGY (4 decks)

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