Fungi, spirochetes, actinomycetes, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chamydiae Flashcards
classification of fungi
a) eukaryotes
b) uni or pluricelular
c) Can live in symniosis with plants and animals
d) Reproduction
- sexual
- asexual
e) -Perferct (multiply sexually and asexually)
- Imperfect (multiply only asexually)
f) Heterotrophs
PERFECT FUNGI
1) Molds
- form mycelium (hyphae)
- Multicelullar: Aspergillus and Penicillum
- Unicelullar: Mucor
2) Yeasts
- class of Saccharomyces
- ovid shape
- never formm mycelium
- unicellular
Importance of MOLDS
- antibiotic production
- Contaminants of food products
- causative of disease in immunodeficiency people
importance of YEASTS
- imapct on food industry
- participates in microbial flora
- causative of disease in immunodeficiency people
IMPERFECT FUNGI
1) Yeast-like fungi (Candida Albicans)
2) Dermatocytes
3) Actinomycetes
YEAST-LIKE FUNGI (Candida albicans)
1) Morphologically
- round, ovoid
- pseudomicelium
- Is positined between yeats and molds
2) Importance
- Part of GIT microflora
- Pathogenic agent of candidosis
DERMATOCYTES
- dimorphic (have a sexual and asexual morphology)
- Reproduce asexually
- Morphologically can exist as:
a) filaments/hypha
b) round shape - Importance: cause superficial infection (nails, hair, skin)
Pathogenic forms of DERMATOCYTES
1-Trichophyton
2-Epidermiophyton
3-Microsporum
4-Achorion
ACTINOMYCETES
- Between fungi and bacteria
- Prokaryotes
- reproduce by spores
- Forms mycelium by hyphae
- Have 2 forms:
a) Pure culture (single filaments- hypha)
b) Clun structure (aggregation of Actinomycetes in tissue aka Duzya)
-Importance: production of antibiotics (tetracycline), have representatives in GIT microflora and can cause infectious diseases.
Pathogenic forms of ACTINOMYCETES
1- Actinomyces israelli
2- A. bovis
3- A. naeslundii
4- Nocardia aestoids
Tyoes of mycelium in fungi
1- Nonseptate (unicellular)
2- Septate (multicellular)
3- pseudomicelium
*single filaments= hypha
what are the human pathogenical classes of fungi ?
1) Ascomycetes
2) Deuteromycetes
Types of fungi reproduction
1) Sexually
2) Vegetative
3) Asexual
SPIROCHETES (general)
- intermedial between bacteria and protozoa
- Spiral shape
- prokaryotes
- Able to cyst (like protozoa)
- NON sporing and NON capsulated
- Highly motile
- Groups are differentiated by the number of curves during movement.
pathogenic form of SPIROCHETES
1) Treponema (Treponema pallidum)
2) Borrelia ( Borrelia recurrentis and B. burgdorferi)
3) Leptospira (Leptospira interrogans)
TREPONEMA
general charac., methods of detection and pathogens
- thin, flexible
- 12 to 14 twists (constant, motile)
- Methods of detection:
a) stain by Giemsa-stain;
b) silver impregnation;
c) dark field examination;
d) immunofluorescence test. - Pathogens
a) Triponema pallidum (syphilis)
BORRELIA
general charac., methods of detection and pathogens
- biggest in size
- 3 to 10 curves (inconstant)
- Methods of detection:
a) Romanowsky-Giemsa staining;
b) dark- field examination. - Pathogens:
a) Borrelia reccurentis;
b) Borrelia burgdorferi;
c) Borrelia persica.
LEPTOSPIRA
general charac., methods of detection and pathogens
- very thin cell structure
- large number of curves very thight together.
- 22 to 24 curves
- have primary and secondary curves.
a) primary: “normal shape”
b) secundary: might change their end shape to a “s” or a “c” - Methods of detection:
a) dark- field examination; b)Romanowsky- Giemsa staining; - c)Immunofluorenscence test. - Pathogens:
a) Leptospira interrogans;
b) Leptospira biflexa.
MYCOPLASMA (general characteristics)
- intermediate between bacteria in viruses
- belong to the class Mollicutes
- very small
- NON-motile and NON-sporing
- Pleomorphic (ovoid, filament, …)
- bcs they don’t have cell wall, have many shapes
- Don’t have cell wall
- Colonies remember “fried egg” because they have bright center and light peripheral zone.
pathogenic forms of MYCOPLASMA
1) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (pneumonia)
- ( infection of respiratory tract and urogenital system)
2) M.hominis
3) M. genitalium
4) Ureaplasma urealyticum
RICKETTSIA
- Intermediate between bacteria and Virus
a) Like bacteria: - Unicelullar
- Morphologically (ovoid/cocci shape, rod-shape. filaments…)
- Has RNA and DNA
- reproduction as binary fussion
- Non-poring and Non-capsulated
- Cell wall of muramic acid
- Gram - bacteria
b) Like virus: - Intracelullar parasite
- Cannot grow in artificial nor natural media, but only in living cells.
- It’s metabolic process depend on the host cell
methods of detection of RICKETTSIA
- electromicroscopic photo
- Zdrodovsky staining
- Immunofluorescence test
- Phase-contrast microscope
- Romanosvky-Giemsa staining
CHLAMYDIAS
- Intermediate between bacteria and virus
- Obligatory and small parasites
- Intracellular parasites
- Posesses bacterial enzymes (does have own metabolism)
- Reproduce by binary fission
- Present RNA and DNA
- Are sucetible for antibiotics
- Gram -
- Have two different forms
pathogenic forms of CHLAMYDIAS
1) Chlamydia trachomatis – eye disease (trachoma);
2) Chlamydophila psittaci – psittacosis ( respiratory tract infection );
3) Chlamydophila pneumoniae – pneumonia.
