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MICROBIOLOGY > Fungi, spirochetes, actinomycetes, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chamydiae > Flashcards

Fungi, spirochetes, actinomycetes, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chamydiae Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

classification of fungi

A

a) eukaryotes
b) uni or pluricelular
c) Can live in symniosis with plants and animals
d) Reproduction
- sexual
- asexual
e) -Perferct (multiply sexually and asexually)
- Imperfect (multiply only asexually)
f) Heterotrophs

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2
Q

PERFECT FUNGI

A

1) Molds
- form mycelium (hyphae)
- Multicelullar: Aspergillus and Penicillum
- Unicelullar: Mucor

2) Yeasts
- class of Saccharomyces
- ovid shape
- never formm mycelium
- unicellular

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3
Q

Importance of MOLDS

A
  • antibiotic production
  • Contaminants of food products
  • causative of disease in immunodeficiency people
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4
Q

importance of YEASTS

A
  • imapct on food industry
  • participates in microbial flora
  • causative of disease in immunodeficiency people
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5
Q

IMPERFECT FUNGI

A

1) Yeast-like fungi (Candida Albicans)
2) Dermatocytes
3) Actinomycetes

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6
Q

YEAST-LIKE FUNGI (Candida albicans)

A

1) Morphologically
- round, ovoid
- pseudomicelium
- Is positined between yeats and molds

2) Importance
- Part of GIT microflora
- Pathogenic agent of candidosis

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7
Q

DERMATOCYTES

A
  • dimorphic (have a sexual and asexual morphology)
  • Reproduce asexually
  • Morphologically can exist as:
    a) filaments/hypha
    b) round shape
  • Importance: cause superficial infection (nails, hair, skin)
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8
Q

Pathogenic forms of DERMATOCYTES

A

1-Trichophyton
2-Epidermiophyton
3-Microsporum
4-Achorion

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9
Q

ACTINOMYCETES

A
  • Between fungi and bacteria
  • Prokaryotes
  • reproduce by spores
  • Forms mycelium by hyphae
  • Have 2 forms:
    a) Pure culture (single filaments- hypha)
    b) Clun structure (aggregation of Actinomycetes in tissue aka Duzya)

-Importance: production of antibiotics (tetracycline), have representatives in GIT microflora and can cause infectious diseases.

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10
Q

Pathogenic forms of ACTINOMYCETES

A

1- Actinomyces israelli
2- A. bovis
3- A. naeslundii
4- Nocardia aestoids

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11
Q

Tyoes of mycelium in fungi

A

1- Nonseptate (unicellular)
2- Septate (multicellular)
3- pseudomicelium

*single filaments= hypha

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12
Q

what are the human pathogenical classes of fungi ?

A

1) Ascomycetes

2) Deuteromycetes

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13
Q

Types of fungi reproduction

A

1) Sexually
2) Vegetative
3) Asexual

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14
Q

SPIROCHETES (general)

A
  • intermedial between bacteria and protozoa
  • Spiral shape
  • prokaryotes
  • Able to cyst (like protozoa)
  • NON sporing and NON capsulated
  • Highly motile
  • Groups are differentiated by the number of curves during movement.
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15
Q

pathogenic form of SPIROCHETES

A

1) Treponema (Treponema pallidum)
2) Borrelia ( Borrelia recurrentis and B. burgdorferi)
3) Leptospira (Leptospira interrogans)

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16
Q

TREPONEMA

general charac., methods of detection and pathogens

A
  • thin, flexible
  • 12 to 14 twists (constant, motile)
  • Methods of detection:
    a) stain by Giemsa-stain;
    b) silver impregnation;
    c) dark field examination;
    d) immunofluorescence test.
  • Pathogens
    a) Triponema pallidum (syphilis)
17
Q

BORRELIA

general charac., methods of detection and pathogens

A
  • biggest in size
  • 3 to 10 curves (inconstant)
  • Methods of detection:
    a) Romanowsky-Giemsa staining;
    b) dark- field examination.
  • Pathogens:
    a) Borrelia reccurentis;
    b) Borrelia burgdorferi;
    c) Borrelia persica.
18
Q

LEPTOSPIRA

general charac., methods of detection and pathogens

A
  • very thin cell structure
  • large number of curves very thight together.
  • 22 to 24 curves
  • have primary and secondary curves.
    a) primary: “normal shape”
    b) secundary: might change their end shape to a “s” or a “c”
  • Methods of detection:
    a) dark- field examination; b)Romanowsky- Giemsa staining; - c)Immunofluorenscence test.
  • Pathogens:
    a) Leptospira interrogans;
    b) Leptospira biflexa.
19
Q

MYCOPLASMA (general characteristics)

A
  • intermediate between bacteria in viruses
  • belong to the class Mollicutes
  • very small
  • NON-motile and NON-sporing
  • Pleomorphic (ovoid, filament, …)
  • bcs they don’t have cell wall, have many shapes
  • Don’t have cell wall
  • Colonies remember “fried egg” because they have bright center and light peripheral zone.
20
Q

pathogenic forms of MYCOPLASMA

A

1) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (pneumonia)

  • ( infection of respiratory tract and urogenital system)
    2) M.hominis
    3) M. genitalium
    4) Ureaplasma urealyticum
21
Q

RICKETTSIA

A
  • Intermediate between bacteria and Virus
    a) Like bacteria:
  • Unicelullar
  • Morphologically (ovoid/cocci shape, rod-shape. filaments…)
  • Has RNA and DNA
  • reproduction as binary fussion
  • Non-poring and Non-capsulated
  • Cell wall of muramic acid
  • Gram - bacteria
    b) Like virus:
  • Intracelullar parasite
  • Cannot grow in artificial nor natural media, but only in living cells.
  • It’s metabolic process depend on the host cell
22
Q

methods of detection of RICKETTSIA

A
  • electromicroscopic photo
  • Zdrodovsky staining
  • Immunofluorescence test
  • Phase-contrast microscope
  • Romanosvky-Giemsa staining
23
Q

CHLAMYDIAS

A
  • Intermediate between bacteria and virus
  • Obligatory and small parasites
  • Intracellular parasites
  • Posesses bacterial enzymes (does have own metabolism)
  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • Present RNA and DNA
  • Are sucetible for antibiotics
  • Gram -
  • Have two different forms
24
Q

pathogenic forms of CHLAMYDIAS

A

1) Chlamydia trachomatis – eye disease (trachoma);
2) Chlamydophila psittaci – psittacosis ( respiratory tract infection );
3) Chlamydophila pneumoniae – pneumonia.

25
Q

Methods of detection of CHLAMYDIAS

A
  • Romanowsky- Giemsa staining

- Immunofluorescence

26
Q

What are the two forms of CHLAMYDIAS

A
  • Chlamydias can be found either in the form of “Elementary body” or “Reticular body”.
    1) Elementary body
    a) 200-300 nm in diameter and spherical form
    b) extracellular infectuous
  • The Chlamydias has this form while it is outside the host cell. Once it is inside, it becomes:
    2) Reticular body
    a) 500-1000 nm in diameter
    b) Is the reproductive form
    c) Lives inside the host cell

MICROBIOLOGY (4 decks)

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