Morphology and Lexicology Flashcards
Word classes
Words that display formal properties, Closed Class, Open Class, Content Word and Function Word.
Nouns
A name, person, place, thing, quality, or action e.g. bridge.
Verbs
The part of speech that expresses existence, action, or occurrence e.g. run
Modal verbs
Verbs that convey necessity, possibility, obligation or probability. are, can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would
Adjectives
A word that expresses an attribute of something e.g. red
Adverbs
The part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. e.g. Very, Yesterday
Prepositions
A word to indicate direction or position. e.g. under
Pronouns
Substitutes for nouns and takes the place of subjects previously specified. e.g. he,she.
Conjunctions
The part of speech that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. e.g. And, after, before.
Determiners
A word which expresses the grammatical categories of definiteness, number and possession. e.g. the, a, some.
Interjections
Part of speech that expresses emotion. e.g. Argh!, Ugh!
Function words
A word, such as a preposition, a conjunction, or an article, that has little semantic content of its own.
Content words
A word, such as a noun, verb, or adjective, that has a state-able lexical meaning.
Affixation
The result of adding an affix to a root word.
Prefix
An affix that precedes the stem. e.g. “Un” in Un-happy.
Suffix
An affix added to the end of a word or stem. e.g. -ing in walking, or -s in sits.
Infix
An affix that is inserted inside the word. e.g. “Abso-Bleedin’-Lutely”
Inflection
Alteration in pitch or tone of the voice.
Derivation
A word formed from another, such as electricity from electric.
Stem
The element that carries the main component of meaning in a word.
Bound morphemes
A morpheme that occurs only as part of a larger word. eg an -s in run-s
Free morphemes
A morpheme that can occur alone. e.g run.
Suffixation
The process of adding a suffix to a word
Blends
A word produced by combining parts of other words. e.g. smog from smoke and fog.
Acronyms
A word formed from the initial letters of a name. e.g. ANZAC
Initialisms
An abbreviation consisting of the first letter or letters of words in a phrase, syllables or components of a word (TNT for trinitrotoluene), or a combination of words and syllables.
Shortenings
A shortened form of something, as a word. e.g. gym gymnasium.
Compounding
A word that consists either of two or more elements that are independent words. e.g. sunglasses.
Contractions
A shortened form of one or more words. e.g. won’t from will not.
Collocations
An arrangement or juxtaposition of words or other elements, especially those that commonly co-occur. e.g. Dead serious.
Neologisms
A newly coined word, or a phrase or familiar word used in a new sense.
Juxtaposition
The state of being close together or side by side.
