Additional Deffinitions Flashcards
Maxim of quantity
Do not say too much or too little. e.g you wouldn’t say “My poodle, which is a dog, is having pups.”
Maxim of quality
Be genuine and sincere.
Maxim of relevance
Your contributions should somehow relate to the purpose of the conversation.
Maxim of manner
Contributions should be orderly, brief and avoid obscurity and ambiguity.
Ambiguity
Uncertainty of meaning or intention.
Maxim
A general truth or principle.
Social Proximity
The opposite of social distance.
Features of Collaborative conversation.
- Laughter
- Body language
- Facial expressions, smiles, eye contact, nods.
- Minimal response.
- Supportive overlapping
- Ellipsis.
Conversational strategies
- Topic management
- Turn-taking
- Holding the floor
- Adjacency pairs
- Minimal response/listening noises
- Discourse particles
- Interrogative Tags.
Register
Any socially defined variety of language.(Language that is appropriate in a specific situation. e.g. Scientific or religious register.
Minimal Response
Indicate to the speaker that you are listening, and can encourage them to continue with their turn. e.g. mmmm or yeah.
Neologism
A newly coined word.
Sociolect
A dialect used by people of a particular socioeconomic status or educational background.
Style
The way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning.
Context
The circumstances in which speech and writing take place.
Field
What you are communicating about. E.g. If you are talking about god you are talking in the field of religion.
Domain
A sphere of activity, concern, interest or field. e.g home,work,school.
Locale
Where you are when the communication takes place. e.g. Are you in church or are you with mates watching the football?
Assonance
The use of identical vowel sounds within words. e.g. “get” and “better”
Consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds in words, for example “white gate”.
Auxiliary verbs
A verb which precedes the main verb. e.g. “to be” or “to have” or “to do”, also known as “helper verbs”.
Positive Face
The need to be liked, respected and made to feel good.
Negative Face
The need to be autonomous and act without imposition from other.
Characteristics of formal texts.
- It adopts the formal register.
- Often designed for large audiences across space and time.
- Often used in prestigious contexts.
Characteristics of informal texts.
- It adopts the informal register.
- Usually spoken not written.
- Involves lexical and semantic phenomena
- Often spontaneous
- It is unstable and does not always last.
Antecedent
A thing or event that logically precedes another.
Egalitarianism
A value that expresses equality between speakers.
Strategies of holding the floor
- foreshadowing: the process of listing what you will be speaking about indicating to listeners that you intend to continue talking and that they should listen.
- features of prosody: such as pause fillers e.g. It was ummmmm really ummmm good.
- syntactic features: such as conjunctions e.g. He ate carrot and an apple and melon and then……
Orthography
The study of the use of letters in a language, it includes the rules of spelling.
Nominalisation
The process that turns whole clauses into noun-like structures. (compressing the meaning of the sentence.
Homonymy
Lexemes that share a form (phonological or orthographic) but have unrelated, distinct meanings. E.g. A wooden “bat” vs a flying “bat”.
Hyperbole
f
Phrase
f
Clause
f
Sentence
f
Clause structure
f
Subject
f
Object
f
Complement
f
Adverbial
f
Sentence structures
f
Sentence Fragments
f
Simple sentences
f
Compound sentences
f
Complex sentences
f
Compound-complex sentences
f
Nominalisation
f
Coordination
f
Subordination
f
Active voice
f
Passive voice
f
Agentless Passives
f
Antithesis
f
Listing
f
Parallelism
f
Syntactic patterning
f
