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english language > Additional Deffinitions > Flashcards

Additional Deffinitions Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Maxim of quantity

A

Do not say too much or too little. e.g you wouldn’t say “My poodle, which is a dog, is having pups.”

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2
Q

Maxim of quality

A

Be genuine and sincere.

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3
Q

Maxim of relevance

A

Your contributions should somehow relate to the purpose of the conversation.

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4
Q

Maxim of manner

A

Contributions should be orderly, brief and avoid obscurity and ambiguity.

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5
Q

Ambiguity

A

Uncertainty of meaning or intention.

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6
Q

Maxim

A

A general truth or principle.

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7
Q

Social Proximity

A

The opposite of social distance.

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8
Q

Features of Collaborative conversation.

A
  • Laughter
  • Body language
  • Facial expressions, smiles, eye contact, nods.
  • Minimal response.
  • Supportive overlapping
  • Ellipsis.
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9
Q

Conversational strategies

A
  • Topic management
  • Turn-taking
  • Holding the floor
  • Adjacency pairs
  • Minimal response/listening noises
  • Discourse particles
  • Interrogative Tags.
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10
Q

Register

A

Any socially defined variety of language.(Language that is appropriate in a specific situation. e.g. Scientific or religious register.

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11
Q

Minimal Response

A

Indicate to the speaker that you are listening, and can encourage them to continue with their turn. e.g. mmmm or yeah.

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12
Q

Neologism

A

A newly coined word.

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13
Q

Sociolect

A

A dialect used by people of a particular socioeconomic status or educational background.

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14
Q

Style

A

The way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning.

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15
Q

Context

A

The circumstances in which speech and writing take place.

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16
Q

Field

A

What you are communicating about. E.g. If you are talking about god you are talking in the field of religion.

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17
Q

Domain

A

A sphere of activity, concern, interest or field. e.g home,work,school.

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18
Q

Locale

A

Where you are when the communication takes place. e.g. Are you in church or are you with mates watching the football?

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19
Q

Assonance

A

The use of identical vowel sounds within words. e.g. “get” and “better”

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20
Q

Consonance

A

Repetition of consonant sounds in words, for example “white gate”.

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21
Q

Auxiliary verbs

A

A verb which precedes the main verb. e.g. “to be” or “to have” or “to do”, also known as “helper verbs”.

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22
Q

Positive Face

A

The need to be liked, respected and made to feel good.

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23
Q

Negative Face

A

The need to be autonomous and act without imposition from other.

24
Q

Characteristics of formal texts.

A
  • It adopts the formal register.
  • Often designed for large audiences across space and time.
  • Often used in prestigious contexts.
25
Q

Characteristics of informal texts.

A
  • It adopts the informal register.
  • Usually spoken not written.
  • Involves lexical and semantic phenomena
  • Often spontaneous
  • It is unstable and does not always last.
26
Q

Antecedent

A

A thing or event that logically precedes another.

27
Q

Egalitarianism

A

A value that expresses equality between speakers.

28
Q

Strategies of holding the floor

A
  • foreshadowing: the process of listing what you will be speaking about indicating to listeners that you intend to continue talking and that they should listen.
  • features of prosody: such as pause fillers e.g. It was ummmmm really ummmm good.
  • syntactic features: such as conjunctions e.g. He ate carrot and an apple and melon and then……
29
Q

Orthography

A

The study of the use of letters in a language, it includes the rules of spelling.

30
Q

Nominalisation

A

The process that turns whole clauses into noun-like structures. (compressing the meaning of the sentence.

31
Q

Homonymy

A

Lexemes that share a form (phonological or orthographic) but have unrelated, distinct meanings. E.g. A wooden “bat” vs a flying “bat”.

32
Q

Hyperbole

A

f

33
Q

Phrase

A

f

34
Q

Clause

A

f

35
Q

Sentence

A

f

36
Q

Clause structure

A

f

37
Q

Subject

A

f

38
Q

Object

A

f

39
Q

Complement

A

f

40
Q

Adverbial

A

f

41
Q

Sentence structures

A

f

42
Q

Sentence Fragments

A

f

43
Q

Simple sentences

A

f

44
Q

Compound sentences

A

f

45
Q

Complex sentences

A

f

46
Q

Compound-complex sentences

A

f

47
Q

Nominalisation

A

f

48
Q

Coordination

A

f

49
Q

Subordination

A

f

50
Q

Active voice

A

f

51
Q

Passive voice

A

f

52
Q

Agentless Passives

A

f

53
Q

Antithesis

A

f

54
Q

Listing

A

f

55
Q

Parallelism

A

f

56
Q

Syntactic patterning

A

f

english language (6 decks)

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