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Linguistics 1111 > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What is morphology?

A

Subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with word and word structure

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2
Q

Free Form

A

An element that does not need to occupy a fixed position

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3
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest units of meaning in language

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4
Q

What kinds of information can morphemes carry?

3 Answers

A
  1. Semantic
  2. Structural
  3. Syntactic
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5
Q

Simple Words

A

Have only one morpheme in them

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6
Q

Complex Words

A

Have more than one morpheme in them

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7
Q

Free Morphemes

A

Can stand alone as simple words

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8
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

Cannot be used as simple words

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9
Q

Allomorphs

A

Conditioned variants to morphemes

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10
Q

Roots

A

Carry the major component of the word’s meaning

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11
Q

4 Lexical Categories

A
  1. Nouns (N)
  2. Verbs (V)
  3. Adjectives (A)
  4. Preposition (P)
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12
Q

Affixes

A

Are always bound

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13
Q

Bases

A

Forms to which affixes are attached

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14
Q

Prefix

A

An affix that attaches to the left edge of its base

prefix - base

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15
Q

Suffix

A

An affix that attaches to the right edge of its base

base - suffix

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16
Q

Infix

A

An affix that goes inside tis base

ba - infix - se

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17
Q

Derivational Affixes

A

Additional meaning to the word; can change lexical category

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18
Q

Inflectional Affixes

A

Brings grammatical meaning to the word; never changes the lexical category

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19
Q

Derivation vs Inflection

3 criteria

A
  1. Category Change
  2. Order
  3. Productivity
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20
Q

Inflectional Morphology

A

Used to mark structural or grammatical information in words

21
Q

Affixation

A

Most common type of inflection

  • s (plural)
  • ed (past)
22
Q

Internal Change

A

One non-morphemic element is exchanged for another to mark inflection
Morpheme inserted

23
Q

Ablaut

A

Vowel changes that mark inflection

Change made within morpheme

24
Q

Non-concatentive Morphology

A

Morphemes that are not arranged in a linear sequence

25
Q

Suppletion

A

Replacement of one morpheme with an entirely different one in order to mark inflection

26
Q

Opaque

A

Relationship between the inflected form and uninflected form

27
Q

Reduplication

A

Involves copying a portion of the base to create an affix

28
Q

Full Duplication

A

The full base is copied

29
Q

Partial Reduplication

A

Only part of the base is copied

30
Q

Tone Placement

A

Tone languages change tone to mark inflection

31
Q

Compounding

A

Another technique for building new words

32
Q

Endocentric Compounds

A

Make use of regular or irregular inflectional morphology, depending on the head

33
Q

Exocentric Compounds

A

Only use regular inflectional morphology

34
Q

Clitics

A

Morphemes that are like words in their meaning and function but cannot stand alone - must attach to a host

35
Q

Enclitics

A

Clitics that attach to the end of a host

36
Q

Proclitics

A

Clitics that attach to the beginning of the host

37
Q

Conversion

A

Process that changes the lexical category without adding any affixes
Zero Derivation

38
Q

Clipping / Truncation

A

Involves deleting one or more syllables from a word

39
Q

Blends

A

Created by combing non-morphemic bits of words

40
Q

Backformation

A

A new word is created by removing what is assumed to be an affix

41
Q

Acronyms

A

Formed by taking the initial letter or some or all of the words in a phrase and putting them together to form a word

42
Q

Abbreviation

A

Letter are put together as if a word, but are spelt out

43
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

Creating word by approximating some sound associated with what is being named

44
Q

Coinage / Word Manufacture

A

Creating words from scratch

45
Q

3 Allomorphs of the Plural Morpheme in English

A
  1. [-əz]
  2. [-s]
  3. [-z]
46
Q

[-əz]

A

Always occurs after sibilants

47
Q

[-s]

A

Always occurs after non-sibilant voiceless obstruents

48
Q

[-z]

A

Always occurs after vowels and voiced non-sibilant consonants

Linguistics 1111 (4 decks)

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