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systematics lecture > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

0
Q

Geophyte

A

Life form.

Perennial herb with underground perennating rootstock such as bulbs, corms, rhizomes

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1
Q

Therophyte

A

Life form.

Annual plant.

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2
Q

Epiphyte

A

Plant growing on another plant

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3
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

Roots with Symbiotic relationship with fungi

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4
Q

First root to develop after embryo growth

A

Radicle

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5
Q

Stem plus associated leaves

A

Shoot

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6
Q

Flower. Short tube and short limb

A

Rotate

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7
Q

Flower. Long tube and long limb

A

Salverform

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8
Q

Flower. Long tube and short limb

A

Tubular

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9
Q

Habit

A

General form of a plant

-herb, vine, liana, shrub, or tree

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10
Q

plant habitats

A

Aquatic (floating or submersed), terrestrial, epiphytic

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11
Q

Plant life forms

A

therophyte (annual), geophyte (perennial herb), epiphyte, halophyte (salt adapted), xerophyte (dry adapted), succulent (fleshy stems)

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12
Q

adventitious roots

A

roots arising from an organ other than the root, usually from a stem

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13
Q

taproot vs fibrous root

A 
Taproot = primary root (radical) develops into dominant root
Fibrous = primary root soon withers and is replaced by other adventitious roots
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14
Q

Taproot becomes thickened accumulating reservoirs of high energy storage compounts

A

Storage root

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15
Q

adventitious roots that don’t enter the soil and can absorb water and minerals from the air

A

Aerial roots

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16
Q

Roots of parasitic plants

A

haustorial roots

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17
Q

roots growing from the base of a stem (corn)

A

prop roots

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18
Q

roots growing up to obtain additional oxygen in swamp areas

A

pneumatophores

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19
Q

horizontally spreading roots, often thickened vertically to aid in support

A

buttress roots

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20
Q

wood

A

secondary xylem tissue

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21
Q

bark

A

secondary phloem, leftover cortex, and derivatives of the cork cambium

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22
Q

rootstock

A

underground stems of some perennials that function in storage and protection

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23
Q

shoot with a small amount of vertical stem tissue and a large amount of thick, fleshy, storage leaves

A

bulb

ex: allium (onion)

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24
Q

shoot mostly of generally globose stem tissue surrounded by some scale-like leaves

A

Corm

ex: Iris

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25
Q

horizontal, underground stem, typically with short internodes and with scale like leaves

A

rhizome

ex: ginger

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26
Q

thick, underground storage stem bearing outer buds and lacking storage leaves

A

tuber

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27
Q

sharp pointed stem or shoot

A

thorn

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28
Q

stem with long internodes that run on or just below ground

A

stolon

strawberry

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29
Q

flattened succulent stem

A

Cladode

Ex: prickly pear cactus

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30
Q

acaulescent

A

lacks an above ground stem except for a peduncle/inflorescence axis

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31
Q

caulescent

A

with an above ground stem

32
Q

basally woody, apically herbaceous

A

suffrutescent

33
Q

trailling or lying flat

A

prostrate

34
Q

flat and rooting at the nodes

A

repent

35
Q

basally prostrate and apically ascending

A

decumbent

36
Q

tow or more axillary buds that are oriented sideways

A

Collateral buds

37
Q

two or ore axillary buds oriented vertically

A

superposed buds

38
Q

A leaf that is modified in shape and usually smaller than the major photosynthetic leaves. typically associated with flowers

A

Bract

39
Q

small, non-green leaf usually for protaction

A

scale

40
Q

coiled twining leaf of leaf part

A

tendril

41
Q

sharp pointed leaf or leaf part

A

spine

stipular spine = modified stipules

42
Q

leaf flattened side-to-side and having a left and right side, often sheathing at the base

A

unifacial leaf

43
Q

central axis

A

rachis

44
Q

leaflets arranged on a central axis

A

pinnately compound

45
Q

odd # of leaflets

A

imparipinnate

46
Q

even # of leaflets

A

parapinate

47
Q

leaf attachments

A

petiolate, sessile, sheathing, amplexicaul, perfoliate, connate-perfoliate

48
Q

perfect flower

A

both stamens and carpels

imperfect flowers either staminate or pistillate

49
Q

plant with only bisexual flowers

A

hemaphroditic

50
Q

Plant with only unisex flowers, both staminate and pistillate individuals on the same plant

A

monoecious

51
Q

plant with only unisex flowers but each sex on separate plants

A

dioecious

52
Q

polygamous

A

plant with both bisexual and unisexual flowers

53
Q

no fusion of sepals

A

aposepalous

54
Q

no fusion of petals

A

apopetalous

55
Q

fusion of sepals

A

synsepalous

56
Q

fusion of petals

A

sympetalous

57
Q

urn shaped flower

A

urceolate

58
Q

butterfly like flower

A

papilionaceous

59
Q

bell shaped flower

A

campanulate

60
Q

two lipped, generally with an upper and lower

A

bilabiate

61
Q

stamens adnate to petals/corrola

A

epipetalous

62
Q

two groups of stamens each connate by their filaments only

-fabaceae

A

diadelphous

monadelphous one group of stamens connate by filaments

63
Q

anthers connate but filaments distinct

A

syngenesious

64
Q

general determinate inflorescence type

A

cyme

65
Q

indeterminate inflorescence type with a single axis bearing sessile flowers

A

spike

66
Q

indeterminate inflorescence type with a single axis bearing pedicellate flowers

A

raceme

67
Q

branched raceme; has several branched axes bearing pedicellate flowers

A

panicle

68
Q

inflorescence with single axis with lateral axes and/or pedicels bearing flat topped or convex flowers (all coming to the same height)

A

corymb (simple of compound)

69
Q

a raceme of cymes (grapes)

A

thyrse

70
Q

determinate or indeterminate inflorescence type with the pedicels attached at one point to the peduncle

A

umbel

71
Q

inflorescence with whorls at each node (sessile)

A

verticillaster

72
Q

planar shapes

A

linear, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate (egg), obovate (upsidedown egg), cordate (heart), falcate, reniform (notched), spatulate

73
Q

base shapes

A

truncate, rounded, cordate, reniform, auriculate, hastate, sagittate, oblique, peltate

74
Q

apex shapes

A

acuminate, acute, obtuse, truncate, rounded, emarginate

75
Q

margins

A

entire (smooth), serrate (saw), serrulate (little saw), doubly serrate, dentate (teeth), denticulate (little teeth), crenate (wavy), crenulate (little waves), spinose, praemorse, ciliate, ciliolate, filiferous

76
Q

sand papery

A

scaberous

77
Q

thick hairs bent over

A

strigose

systematics lecture (8 decks)

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