Development of classification Flashcards
Historia Planatarum
Theophrastus, Forms systems
Theophrastus classified all plants on the basis of the following characters:
- trees, shrubs, subshrubs, herbs
- annuals, biennials, perennials
- flowering versus nonflowering
- superior ovary versus inferior ovaries.
- free petals (polypetaly) versus fused petals (gamopetaly).
Historia Naturalis
Caius Plinius Secundus, “Pliny the Elder”
37-volume work
De Materia Medica
Pedanios Dioscorides
Roman military surgeon
For 1500 years this was universally considered the major work on plants.
De Vegetabilis
Albertus Magnus
-first to recognize, on the basis of stem structure, the differences between monocots and dicots
Herbarium Vivae Eicones
Otto Brunfels
- His work became known as an herbal.
- took most of its information from the writings of Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Pliny
De Historia Stirpium
Leonhart Fuchs
-illustrated by woodcuts
his Herbal, the first botanical work in English
William Turner
“Father of English Botany.”
Rariorum Plantarum Historia
Charles Clusius
Badianus Manuscript
Aztec herbal
best known for “inventing” or at least making popular the use of the herbarium
Luca Ghini
De Plantis Libri
Andrea Caesalpino
-First Plant Taxonomist
Caesalpino classified plants based on:
habit (trees, shrubs, herbs) • fruit type • ovary (superior versus inferior) • root system (tap versus fibrous) • presence or absence of latex • number of locules in an ovary
Pinax Theatri Botanica
Gaspard Bauhin
first botanist to distinguish between genus and species
Gaspard Bauhin
Historia Plantarum Universalis
Jean Bauhin
-excellent diagnosis
Methodus Plantarum Nova
John Ray
John Ray Classification system based on:
habit (woody versus herbaceous) • dicots versus monocots • fruit types • leaf types • flower features