Morphology

Question 1

bound morpheme

Answer 1

a morpheme that must be attached to another element

Question 2

free morpheme

Answer 2

a morpheme that can be a word itself

Question 3

allomorph

Answer 3

the variant pronunciation of a morpheme (an and a or the plural pronounciation in cats, dogs, and judges)

Question 4

root

Answer 4

constitutes of the core of the word and carries the major meaning

Question 5

base

Answer 5

tje form to which an affix is added

Question 6

prefix

Answer 6

an affix that is attached to the front of a word

Question 7

suffix

Answer 7

an affix that is attached to the end of its base

Question 8

infix

Answer 8

a type of affix that occurs within another morpheme (not seen in English)

Question 9

derivation

Answer 9

uses an affix to build a word with a meaning or category distinct from its base (sell –> seller)

Question 10

class 1 affix

Answer 10

often trigger changes in the pronunciation of the bases consonants and vowels, may affect stress placement

Question 11

class 2 affix

Answer 11

tend to be phonologically neutral, have no impact on the segmental makeup of the base or stress placement

Question 12

compounding

Answer 12

a common technique for word building in English (the combination of 2 already existing words)

Question 13

head

Answer 13

the morpheme that determines the category of the entire word

Question 14

endocentric compounds

Answer 14

a compound that denoyes a subtype of the concept denoted by its head (dog food is a type of food)

Question 15

exocentric compounds

Answer 15

the meaning of the compound does not follow from the meaning of its parts (redneck isnt a type of neck)

Question 16

inflection

Answer 16

the modification of a words form to indicate grammatical info of various sorts, expressed through affixation

Question 17

4 criteria to differentiate

Answer 17

category change, order, productivity, semantic transparency

Question 18

category change

Answer 18

inflection doesn’t change either the syntactic category or the type of meaning

Question 19

order

Answer 19

derivational affixes msut be closer to the base than inflectional affixes (inflection applies to the output of derivation)

Question 20

productivity

Answer 20

inflectional affixes are more productive than derivational (the suffix s can combine with almost all nouns) (the derivational -ize can only bond to restricted classes)

Question 21

semantic transparency

Answer 21

the contribution of an inflectional suffix usually gives transparent and consistent meaning

Question 22

case inflection

Answer 22

indicates a words grammatical role in the sentence (subject, direct object)

Question 23

agreement

Answer 23

takes place when one word is inflected to match certain grammatical properties of another word

Question 24

internal change

Answer 24

the process that substitutes one non-morphemic segment for another to mark a grammatical contrast

Question 25

ablaut

Answer 25

often used for vowel alterations that mark grammatical contrasts

Question 26

suppletion

Answer 26

replaces a morpheme with an entirely different morpheme in order to indicate a grammatical contrast (have –> had, avoir –>eu)

Question 27

partial suppletion

Answer 27

a type of alternation that is treated as an extreme form of internal change
(seek–>sought)

Question 28

reduplication

Answer 28

a common morphological process in some languages which marks a grammatical or semantic contrast by speaking all or part of the base to which it applies (cabuk = quick cabuk cabuk = quickly)

Question 29

partial reduplication

Answer 29

copies only part of the base (takbo = run tatakbo = will run)

Question 30

tone replacement

Answer 30

used to make a distinction between past and future tense

dá = spanked, dà = will spank

Question 31

cliticization

Answer 31

morphemes that behave like words in terms of meaning but can’t stand on their own and must be paired with a host (they’re)

Question 32

conversion

Answer 32

the process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntactic category (butter (N) butter [the bread] (V))

Question 33

clipping

Answer 33

the process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more of the syllables (prof for professor)

Question 34

blending

Answer 34

creates words from non-morphemic parts of 2 already existing items (froyo, wifi)

Question 35

backformation

Answer 35

the process that creates a new word by removing a real or supposed affic from another word in a language (donate from donation)

Question 36

acronyms

Answer 36

formed by taking the initial letters of the words in a phrase and pronouncing them as a word (NATO)

Question 37

initialisms

Answer 37

formed by taking the first letter of each title and saying the letters in concession