More Practice Q's

Question 1

What are the Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development (in order)?

Answer 1

S - sensorimotor
P - preoperational
C - concrete operations
F - formal operations

Question 2

Differentiate between Persistent Depressive Disorder, Mania, Hypomania, and Cyclothymia

Answer 2

• Persistent Depressive Disorder (low grade depression- depressed for most of the day, more days than not for at least 2 years)
• Manic (abnormal and persistent elevated, irritable mood lasting at least a week or less if hospitalization is required)
• Hypomania (abnormal and persistent elevated, irritable mood lasting 1-6 days)
• Cyclothymia (persistent depressive disorder and hypomania)

Question 3

Is this schzoid or schizotypal personalirt disorder?

don’t lose contact with reality, difficult to maintain a job, good at reading other people

Answer 3

Answer: Schizotypal

Schizoid Personality Disorder

a. ‘oid = like – so like schizophrenia, but not. These people don’t lose contact with reality – they know real from fantasy
b. Cold & Aloof: don’t need the social aspect that the rest of us need; they can be alone all the time, whereas after a while we feel the need to be with friends  they are not anti-social, but asocial (they don’t go out to hurt others, they just enjoy their own company)
c. Reserved & Uninvolved: hermits go out and live in a cave somewhere and do not have any kind of relationship w/ other people; they are never lonely
d. Self-Absorbed: want to maintain professional façade, otherwise they will back off or will fear you  they are their own best friend, their own companion

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

a. Odd Thinking; Odd Behavior; Odd Communication; Magical Thinking; Superstitious
b. They’re odd; they are in touch with reality (not in a fantasy world, not delusional), but they just act really strange; think they have magic powers, can read each other’s minds, and can read fortunes about past and future
c. They are very good at reading other people’s body language, but their intrapersonal skills/understanding what their own feelings are is very, very poor.
d. It is difficult for them to maintain a job and relationships; they keep people at arm’s length

Question 4

What is the mechanism of Disulfiram? Who is it given to?

Answer 4

Disulfiram/Antabuse is a drug designed to provide motivation for the alcoholic not to drink. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and if people drink, they get very sick that it makes them not want to drink anymore.

Question 5

What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement?

Answer 5

• punishment is to extinguish a behavior

- Negative reinforcement is the reward of not being punished (reward is removal of the punishment)

Question 6

What is vaginusmus and how is it treated?

Answer 6

Vaginismus: automatic autonomic reaction to something trying to penetrate the vagina - clamping down of muscles in vaginal wall, so that few things can penetrate through it – it’s an involuntary clamping.
i. Tx = relaxation exercise, followed by insertion of dilator (1/8” across) & systemic desensitization until you use bigger & bigger dilator/probe, then she can have sex again

Question 7

What is the timeline for schizophreniform?

Answer 7

symptom duration must be more than one month, but less than six months

Question 8

What is the prevalence for M vs F for OCD? what about M vs F in adolescence?

Answer 8

• equal for M and F

- more so in boys in adolescence

Question 9

What is this?

- condition resolves in

Answer 9

transient global amnesia

Question 10

What is this called?

Preoccupation with death and the deceased occurring in Native American tribes. Symptoms include bad dreams, fainting, hallucinations, fear, poor diet, and feelings of suffocation

Answer 10

ghost sickness

Question 11

What is the Intelligence test used in children?

Answer 11

WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
WPPSI: Weschsler Preschool ad Primary Scale of Intelligence

Question 12

What technique is this:

• used near end of interview/segment
• go over up what you think is important, but gives the patient chance to add more or emphasize/prioritize something that was important to them, or say that you forgot something

Answer 12

Summation

Question 13

What Axis would a medical condition go under?

Answer 13

Axis III

Question 14

What is the lack of over-confidence bias in anorexia-nervosa?

Answer 14

Anorexics Lack the ‘overconfidence bias’. For example, 94% of Americans believe they are better than average drivers – an overconfidence bias is normal, and anorexics don’t have this

Question 15

What is the main thing we see in the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 15

Object Permanence

Question 16

Where is blocking as a defense mechanism seen? What is blocking?

Answer 16

Under “Immature”

- where you have a train of thought that is going along and all of a sudden you forget what you were going to say

Question 17

Sleep apnea interferes with what stages of sleep?

Answer 17

3 and 4, so you are stuck in 1 and 2

Question 18

The defense mechanism ‘splitting’ is used in what personality disorder?

Answer 18

Borderline PD

Question 19

What defines the ability of abstract thinking? What stage do we attain this?

Answer 19

ability to recognize proverbs

-Formal Operations Stage

Question 20

What would a person be like in narscisstic PD?

Answer 20

they feel entitled and that rules don’t apply to them

Question 21

There is a girl with a mole on her nose (which no one else notices) and she can’t stop obsessing about it. What does she have?

Answer 21

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Question 22

When a girl is in love with her father, what stage is she in ?

Answer 22

Phallic Stage

Question 23

What is Tangentiality?

Answer 23

• Replying to a question in an oblique or irrelevant way
• a medical symptom is a physical symptom observed in speech that tends to occur in situations where a person is experiencing high anxiety, as a manifestation of the psychosis known as schizophrenia, in dementia or in states of delirium

Question 24

neologism

Answer 24

In psychiatry, a new word or condensed combination of several words coined by a person to express a highly complex idea not readily understood by others; seen in schizophrenia and organic mental disorders.

Question 25

When does imprinting take place? What animal did we see this with?

Answer 25

Imprinting takes place in the first 24 hours and that is when the caregiver’s bond is established with the infant.
-geese

Question 26

What is the facilitation technique in interviewing?

Answer 26

any technique that makes it easy for the patient to keep talking (“Facil” = easy)
-e.g., really?, tell me more about that, ok, that’s interesting, nod head
I like NY, psychiatrist: what do you like about NY? (facilitation); we are keeping the patient talking by encouraging them

Question 27

saying your brain is on fire is an example of what?

Answer 27

Hallucination - Cenesthetic Type: Altered states of body organs (“My brain is on fire!”, etc.)

Question 28

A patient in emergency room in physical distress but wants to talk and isn’t having the expected emotional response is suffering from what?

Answer 28

‘La Belle Indifference’: which often accompanies Conversion disorder

Question 29

What are 2 technique’s used in erectile dysfunction? -

Answer 29

semen’s technique, star-stop technique

Question 30

what is the difference between depersonalization and derealization?

Answer 30

Depersonalization: Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, actions, etc. (perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional/physical numbing).
a. Disconnected from themselves

Derealization: Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (persons or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy or lifeless).

Question 31

Serial 7’s from the Mini-mental status exam can also tell you if someone has dyscalculia. What is dyscalculia?

Answer 31

impairment of ability to solve mathematical problems

Question 32

what are hyperactive and impulsive symptoms in ADHD?

Answer 32

Hyperactivity:

a. Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
b. Often gets up from seat when staying seated is expected.
c. Often runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate.
d. Often has trouble playing or enjoying leisure activities quietly.
e. Is often “on the go” or often acts as if “driven by a motor”.
f. Often talks excessively.

Impulsivity:

a. Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished
b. Often has trouble waiting one’s turn
c. Often interrupts or intrudes on others conversations or games

Question 33

What disorder is this?

• Attention Seeking; Superficial; Need for Reassurance
• Dramatic/theatrical; don’t walk into a room, they make an entrance
• Very flirtatious or “prude” one extreme to the other
• Defense Mechanism = suppression

Answer 33

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Question 34

A child whose mom gives attention to kid successfully overcomes what developmental crises?

Answer 34

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 35

What is the timeline for major depression disorder?

Answer 35

Major depressive episode must last at least two weeks

Question 36

person has 3 personalities all not related to each other has what disorder?

Answer 36

dissociative identidty disorder

Question 37

what is this?
Can read regular and irregular words, but have difficulty with non-words (such as ‘musnel’) and with sounding out words.

Answer 37

phonological dyslexia

Question 38

What is copralalia? Where is it seen?

Answer 38

• involuntary utterance of socially inappropriate phrases

- Tourette’s disorder