More Practice Q's Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development (in order)?

A

S - sensorimotor
P - preoperational
C - concrete operations
F - formal operations

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2
Q

Differentiate between Persistent Depressive Disorder, Mania, Hypomania, and Cyclothymia

A
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (low grade depression- depressed for most of the day, more days than not for at least 2 years)
  • Manic (abnormal and persistent elevated, irritable mood lasting at least a week or less if hospitalization is required)
  • Hypomania (abnormal and persistent elevated, irritable mood lasting 1-6 days)
  • Cyclothymia (persistent depressive disorder and hypomania)
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3
Q

Is this schzoid or schizotypal personalirt disorder?

don’t lose contact with reality, difficult to maintain a job, good at reading other people

A

Answer: Schizotypal

Schizoid Personality Disorder

a. ‘oid = like – so like schizophrenia, but not. These people don’t lose contact with reality – they know real from fantasy
b. Cold & Aloof: don’t need the social aspect that the rest of us need; they can be alone all the time, whereas after a while we feel the need to be with friends  they are not anti-social, but asocial (they don’t go out to hurt others, they just enjoy their own company)
c. Reserved & Uninvolved: hermits go out and live in a cave somewhere and do not have any kind of relationship w/ other people; they are never lonely
d. Self-Absorbed: want to maintain professional façade, otherwise they will back off or will fear you  they are their own best friend, their own companion

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

a. Odd Thinking; Odd Behavior; Odd Communication; Magical Thinking; Superstitious
b. They’re odd; they are in touch with reality (not in a fantasy world, not delusional), but they just act really strange; think they have magic powers, can read each other’s minds, and can read fortunes about past and future
c. They are very good at reading other people’s body language, but their intrapersonal skills/understanding what their own feelings are is very, very poor.
d. It is difficult for them to maintain a job and relationships; they keep people at arm’s length

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of Disulfiram? Who is it given to?

A

Disulfiram/Antabuse is a drug designed to provide motivation for the alcoholic not to drink. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and if people drink, they get very sick that it makes them not want to drink anymore.

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5
Q

What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement?

A
  • punishment is to extinguish a behavior

- Negative reinforcement is the reward of not being punished (reward is removal of the punishment)

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6
Q

What is vaginusmus and how is it treated?

A

Vaginismus: automatic autonomic reaction to something trying to penetrate the vagina - clamping down of muscles in vaginal wall, so that few things can penetrate through it – it’s an involuntary clamping.
i. Tx = relaxation exercise, followed by insertion of dilator (1/8” across) & systemic desensitization until you use bigger & bigger dilator/probe, then she can have sex again

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7
Q

What is the timeline for schizophreniform?

A

symptom duration must be more than one month, but less than six months

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8
Q

What is the prevalence for M vs F for OCD? what about M vs F in adolescence?

A
  • equal for M and F

- more so in boys in adolescence

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9
Q

What is this?

- condition resolves in

A

transient global amnesia

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10
Q

What is this called?

Preoccupation with death and the deceased occurring in Native American tribes. Symptoms include bad dreams, fainting, hallucinations, fear, poor diet, and feelings of suffocation

A

ghost sickness

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11
Q

What is the Intelligence test used in children?

A

WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
WPPSI: Weschsler Preschool ad Primary Scale of Intelligence

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12
Q

What technique is this:

  • used near end of interview/segment
  • go over up what you think is important, but gives the patient chance to add more or emphasize/prioritize something that was important to them, or say that you forgot something
A

Summation

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13
Q

What Axis would a medical condition go under?

A

Axis III

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14
Q

What is the lack of over-confidence bias in anorexia-nervosa?

A

Anorexics Lack the ‘overconfidence bias’. For example, 94% of Americans believe they are better than average drivers – an overconfidence bias is normal, and anorexics don’t have this

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15
Q

What is the main thing we see in the sensorimotor stage?

A

Object Permanence

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16
Q

Where is blocking as a defense mechanism seen? What is blocking?

A

Under “Immature”

- where you have a train of thought that is going along and all of a sudden you forget what you were going to say

17
Q

Sleep apnea interferes with what stages of sleep?

A

3 and 4, so you are stuck in 1 and 2

18
Q

The defense mechanism ‘splitting’ is used in what personality disorder?

A

Borderline PD

19
Q

What defines the ability of abstract thinking? What stage do we attain this?

A

ability to recognize proverbs

-Formal Operations Stage

20
Q

What would a person be like in narscisstic PD?

A

they feel entitled and that rules don’t apply to them

21
Q

There is a girl with a mole on her nose (which no one else notices) and she can’t stop obsessing about it. What does she have?

A

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

22
Q

When a girl is in love with her father, what stage is she in ?

A

Phallic Stage

23
Q

What is Tangentiality?

A
  • Replying to a question in an oblique or irrelevant way
  • a medical symptom is a physical symptom observed in speech that tends to occur in situations where a person is experiencing high anxiety, as a manifestation of the psychosis known as schizophrenia, in dementia or in states of delirium
24
Q

neologism

A

In psychiatry, a new word or condensed combination of several words coined by a person to express a highly complex idea not readily understood by others; seen in schizophrenia and organic mental disorders.

25
Q

When does imprinting take place? What animal did we see this with?

A

Imprinting takes place in the first 24 hours and that is when the caregiver’s bond is established with the infant.
-geese

26
Q

What is the facilitation technique in interviewing?

A

any technique that makes it easy for the patient to keep talking (“Facil” = easy)
-e.g., really?, tell me more about that, ok, that’s interesting, nod head
I like NY, psychiatrist: what do you like about NY? (facilitation); we are keeping the patient talking by encouraging them

27
Q

saying your brain is on fire is an example of what?

A

Hallucination - Cenesthetic Type: Altered states of body organs (“My brain is on fire!”, etc.)

28
Q

A patient in emergency room in physical distress but wants to talk and isn’t having the expected emotional response is suffering from what?

A

‘La Belle Indifference’: which often accompanies Conversion disorder

29
Q

What are 2 technique’s used in erectile dysfunction? -

A

semen’s technique, star-stop technique

30
Q

what is the difference between depersonalization and derealization?

A

Depersonalization: Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, actions, etc. (perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional/physical numbing).
a. Disconnected from themselves

Derealization: Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (persons or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy or lifeless).

31
Q

Serial 7’s from the Mini-mental status exam can also tell you if someone has dyscalculia. What is dyscalculia?

A

impairment of ability to solve mathematical problems

32
Q

what are hyperactive and impulsive symptoms in ADHD?

A

Hyperactivity:

a. Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
b. Often gets up from seat when staying seated is expected.
c. Often runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate.
d. Often has trouble playing or enjoying leisure activities quietly.
e. Is often “on the go” or often acts as if “driven by a motor”.
f. Often talks excessively.

Impulsivity:

a. Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished
b. Often has trouble waiting one’s turn
c. Often interrupts or intrudes on others conversations or games

33
Q

What disorder is this?

  • Attention Seeking; Superficial; Need for Reassurance
  • Dramatic/theatrical; don’t walk into a room, they make an entrance
  • Very flirtatious or “prude” one extreme to the other
  • Defense Mechanism = suppression
A

Histrionic Personality Disorder

34
Q

A child whose mom gives attention to kid successfully overcomes what developmental crises?

A

Trust vs Mistrust

35
Q

What is the timeline for major depression disorder?

A

Major depressive episode must last at least two weeks

36
Q

person has 3 personalities all not related to each other has what disorder?

A

dissociative identidty disorder

37
Q

what is this?
Can read regular and irregular words, but have difficulty with non-words (such as ‘musnel’) and with sounding out words.

A

phonological dyslexia

38
Q

What is copralalia? Where is it seen?

A
  • involuntary utterance of socially inappropriate phrases

- Tourette’s disorder