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Behavioral Final material > Block 3 Info > Flashcards

Block 3 Info Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when you walk around the corner and see a bear?

A

fear

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2
Q

vague discomfort associated with meeting new people/going to a new job?

A

anxiety

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3
Q

who has a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders? men or women? poor or rich?

A

women; prevalence decreases with higher socioeconomic status

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4
Q

A. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes
B. At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one or both of the following:
1. Persistent control or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences.
2. A significant maladaptive change in behavior relating to the attacks (like not going out in public because you are afraid you will have one).

A

panic disorder

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5
Q

what is the onset for panic disorder?

A

late adolescence

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6
Q

a. Fear or anxiety associated with open or public spaces from which escape might be difficultb. Develops as a result of panic disorder; person is terrified to think they might have an attack in such an exposed environmentc. Almost always want to be accompanied by friend or family member when going anywhered. Extreme cases don’t leave homee. Most cases follow onset of panic disorderf. Prognosis is poorer if not preceded by panic disorder

A

agoraphobia

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7
Q

A. Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations:
1. Using public transportation.
2. Being in open spaces.
3. Being in enclosed spaces.
4. Standing in line or being in a crowd.
5. Being outside of the home alone.
B. The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms.

A

agoraphobia

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8
Q
  • A strong persistent fear of being judged by others, or embarrassed.-Could be anything; not wanting to eat in front of someone, or use a public restroom.
  • Social anxiety disorder also known as Social Phobia(and even shy bladder).
A

social anxiety disorder

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9
Q

Strong persistent fear of an object or situation

A

specific phobia

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10
Q

who is specific phobia more prevalent in?

A

2x more prevalent in women; except the fear of blood, injection - this is equal

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11
Q

What is the order of preavlance of specific phobias:

  • blood/injection
  • other
  • animal
  • situational
  • natural environment
A
  1. Animal Type
  2. Natural Environment Type (storms, heights, water).
  3. Blood/Injection/Injury Type
  4. Situational Type (airplanes, elevators).
  5. Other Type (clowns, vomiting, etc.).
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12
Q

A. Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (i.e. flying, heights, animals, seeing blood).
B. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety.
C. The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.
D. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger.
E. The fear is persistent, typically lasting 6 months or more.

A

specific phobia

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13
Q

fear of heights

A

agoraphobia

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14
Q

fear of surgical operations

A

tomophobia

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15
Q

fear of water

A

hydrophobia

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16
Q

fear of everything

A

pantophobia

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17
Q

fear of the number 4

A

tetraphobia

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18
Q

fear of clowns

A

coulrophobia

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19
Q

fear of asians

A

sinophobia

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20
Q

fear of vomiting as a result of air sickness

A

aeronausiphobia

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21
Q

fear of dirt and germs

A

mysophobia

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22
Q

fear of opinions

A

allodoxaphobia

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23
Q

fear of strangers

A

xenophobia

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24
Q

fear of animals

A

zoophobia

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25
Q

fear of sexual abuse

A

agraphobia

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26
Q

fear of beautiful women

A

caligynephobia

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27
Q

fear of body odors

A

bromidrophobia

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28
Q

fear of hospitals

A

nosocomephobia

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29
Q

what is the average onset of GAD?

A

31

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30
Q

A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).
B. The individual finds it hard to control the worry.
C. The anxiety and worry are associated with 3 (or more) of the following 6 symptoms:
1. Restlessness or feeling on edge.
2. Being easily fatigued.
3. Difficulty concentrating.
4. Irritability.
5. Muscle tension.
6. Sleep disturbances.

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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31
Q
  • Symptoms might occur during use (i.e. intoxication) or withdrawal (up to one month after cessation of use).
  • Disorder will be further categorized depending on the prominent features, i.e. panic attacks, OCD, generalized anxiety, etc. Treatment focuses on
A

substance-induced anxiety disorder

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32
Q

True or false - does Cognitive behavioral therapy precede medication?

A

TRUE

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33
Q

Benzodiazepines can be used for what?

A

anxiety

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34
Q

fast acting drugs are better used for what?

A

insomnia

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35
Q

what are 2 fast acting drugs?

A

diazepam, triazolam

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36
Q

longer acting drugs are better used for what?

A

anxiety

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37
Q

what are 3 long acting drugs?

A

Alprazolam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide

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38
Q

True or false: SSRI’s are effective for long term? What is an example?

A

True; paroxetine

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39
Q

what is a serotonin agonist that is effective in anxiety?

A

buspirone

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40
Q

what is the prevalence of OCD?

A

equal in men and women; men more so in adolescence; more common in single people

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41
Q

what 2 components does OCD have?

A

Obsession: Recurrent or intrusive thought, feeling, idea or sensation.Compulsion: Conscious, standardized, recurrent behavior.

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42
Q

A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.

  1. Obsessions are: Recurring and persistent thoughts, urges or images. Person tries to ignore/neutralize these thoughts with some other thought or action.
  2. Compulsions are: Repetitive behaviors.
A

OCD

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43
Q

what drugs are most effective in treating OCD?

A

5-HTa

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44
Q

hair pulling disorder

A

trichotillomania

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45
Q

skin picking disorder

A

excoriation

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46
Q

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in one or more of the following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the event.
2. Witnessing the events as they occur to others.
3. Learning the traumatic event has happened to friend or family member.
B. Presence of one or more of the following intrusion (unwanted) symptoms associated with the traumatic events, beginning after the events occurred:
1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive or distressing memories of the events.
2. Recurrent distressing dreams.
3. Dissociative reactions (i.e. flashbacks).
4/5. Intense or prolonged psychological or physiological distress at exposure to cues resembling the event.

A

PTSD

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47
Q

civil war also called?

A

soldier’s war

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48
Q

WWI also called?

A

shell shock

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49
Q

WW2 also called?

A

combat neurosis

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50
Q

Vietnam war also called?

A

PTSD

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51
Q

gulf war also called?

A

gulf war syndrome

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52
Q

-Lesser, temporal, version of PTSD-The development of characteristic symptoms lasting from 3 days to one month following exposure to one or more traumatic events.

A

acute stress disorder

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53
Q

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in one or more of the following ways:
a. Directly experiencing the event.
b. Witnessing the events as they occur to others.
c. Learning the traumatic event has happened to friend or family member.The result of exposure results in symptoms in the following areas:
B. Symptoms are from the following categories:
1. Intrusion symptoms (recurring dreams, memories).
2. Negative mood.
3. Dissociative symptoms.
4. Avoidance symptoms.
5. Arousal symptoms (sleep problems, concentration issues).

A

acute stress disorder

54
Q

An emotional and behavioral reaction which develops within 3 months of a life stress, and lasts less than 6 months. The life stress is ‘serious’ i.e. divorce, moving, etc., but not life threatening. Symptoms include anxiety, depression, conduct problems, etc.

A

adjustment disorder

55
Q

A. A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least two of the following:
1. Reduced or absent reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults.
a. No reluctance or nervousness about approaching an adult whom they don’t know
2. Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior.
a. Ex) hugging an uncle they just met
3. Diminished or absent ‘checking back’ with adult caregiver after venturing away, even in unfamiliar conditions.
a. Ex) not checking back in a park they’ve never been with
4. Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.
a. Ex) child goes off for ice cream with a stranger
C. The child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidenced by at least 1 of the following:
1. Social neglect or deprivation.
2. Repeated changes of primary caregivers.
3. Rearing in unusual settings that limit opportunities for attachments.

A

disinhibited social engagement disorder

56
Q

Is depression more prevalent in males or females?

A

females

57
Q

what is the mean age of onset for depression?

A

40

58
Q

what is the mean age of onset for bipolar disorder?

A

30

59
Q

is bipolar more prevalent in males or females?

A

equal

60
Q

less severe form of major depression

A

dysthymia; persistent depressive disorder

61
Q

less severe form of bipolar disorder

A

cyclothymia

62
Q

episode of mania that doesn’t meet DSM5 for manic episode

A

hypomanic

63
Q

what do drugs for depression typically interact with?

A

NE, 5-HT, sometimes DA

64
Q

tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are used when?

A

in depression for those not responsive to SSRI’s

65
Q

what are the go to drugs for depression?

A

SSRI’s

66
Q

what do SSRI’s do?

A

inhibit 5-HT reuptake

67
Q

what do MAO inhibitors do?

A

block degradation of transmitters thus prolonging their action

68
Q

Mood, behavior and physical symptoms occurring at a specific time during the menstrual cycle.

A

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

69
Q

Chronic, severe, persistent irritability that alternates between temper outbursts and the chronic, irritable mood, in children up to 18yrs.

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

70
Q

Symptoms of major depressive disorder, but are associated with the ingestion, injection, or inhalation of a substance (medication, drug of abuse, etc.).

A

substance/medication induced depression

71
Q

major depressive disorder and mania

A

bipolar disorder 1

72
Q

major depressive disorder and hypomania

A

bipolar disorder 1

73
Q

persistent depressive disorder and hypomania

A

cyclothymia

74
Q

what is the prevalence of schizophrenia in males vs females? months of the year?

A

male/female ratio equal; more winter births

75
Q

Are Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized/racing thoughts positive or negaitve symptoms?

A

positive

76
Q

Are Apathy (not caring), withdrawn, lack of emotion, poor or non-existent social functionings positive or negative symptoms?

A

negative

77
Q

what is a misperception of real stimuli (for a second there I thought that tree was an alien) called?

A

illusion

78
Q

what is a false belief not shared by culture (aliens are secretly running the USA) called?

A

delusion

79
Q

what is an “atypical” antipsychotic that interacts with 5-HT and DA?

A

clozapine

80
Q

preceding the disease

A

premorbid

81
Q

early, non-specific symptoms that may indicate the start/onset of disease

A

prodromal

82
Q

Symptoms present for more than 1 month but less than 6.

A

Schizophreniform disorder

83
Q

Symptoms present more than 1 day, less than 1 month.

A

Brief Psychotic disorder

84
Q

Schizophrenia and manic or depressive syndrome1. Must meet requirements for schizophrenia and full-blown depression or bi-polar disorder

A

Schizoaffective Disorder

85
Q

Delusions without other the other symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Delusional disorder

86
Q

complete lack of speech

A

alogia

87
Q

lack of desire to pursue meaningful goals

A

avolution

88
Q

inability to experience pleasure

A

anhedoniea

89
Q

what is the minimum duration to diagnose schizophrenia

A

6 months

90
Q

mimicking another’s speech

A

echolalia

91
Q

mimicking’s

A

echopraxia

92
Q

A. Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness.
1. Ex) don’t want to go to hospitals or airports since they don’t want to get sick
B. Somatic symptoms are not present, or, if present, are only mild in intensity.

A

illness anxiety disorder

93
Q

A. One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life.
B. Excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns as manifested by at least 1 of the following:
1. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms.
2. Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms.
3. Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns

A

somatic symptom disorder

94
Q

A. One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.
B. Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical conditions.

A

conversion disorder

95
Q

A. Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
B. At some point during the course of the disorder the person has performed repetitive behaviors, comparing their appearance in response to the appearance concerns.

A

body dysmorphic disorder

96
Q

Males feel they are ‘puny’ and thus work out excessively. They’re never big enough, though…

A

bigorexia

97
Q

What effect does increased Ach have on sleep?

A

increased sleep efficiency and REM sleep

98
Q

What effect does increased DA have on sleep?

A

decreased sleep efficiency

99
Q

What effect does increased NE have on sleep?

A

decreased sleep efficiency and REM sleep

100
Q

What effect does increased 5-HT have on sleep?

A

increased sleep efficiency and delta sleep

101
Q

what is activated in the brain in REM sleep?

A

pons

102
Q

what is activated in the brain in NREM sleep?

A

hypothalmus

103
Q

not sleeping

A

insomnia disorder

104
Q

what is the time period for the diagnosis of insomnia?

A

at least 3 months (and 3 nights per week)

105
Q

sleeping too much

A

hypersomnolence disorder

106
Q

what is the time period of diagnosis for hypersomnolence?

A

sleep episode of at least 9 hours/day occurring 3x/week for 3 months

107
Q

falling asleep at inappropriate times

A

narcolepsy

108
Q

what is the time period for diagnosis for narcolepsy?

A

3x/week for 3 months

109
Q

Where are the lewy bodies found in Lewy Body Disease?

A

cotically

110
Q

Where are the lewy bodies found in Huntington’s Disease?

A

basal ganglia

111
Q

frontotemporal disease has atrophy of what lobes?

A

frontal and temporal

112
Q

alzheimers disease has atrophy of what lobes?

A

all

113
Q

explicit/declarative

A

knowledge of facts and what they mean

114
Q

implicit/non-declarative

A

“how-to” memories

115
Q

desynchronized eeg

A

REM sleep

116
Q

synchronized eeg

A

NREM sleep

117
Q

bruxism

A

teeth grinding in stage 2 sleep

118
Q

what is pseudodementia?

A

depression in elderly that mimics dementia

119
Q

inability to make certain movements, despite a healthy body

A

apraxia

120
Q

loss of ability to produce or understand language

A

aphasia

121
Q

problems recognizing familiar persons and objects

A

agnosia

122
Q

amnesia which resolves in under 24 hours

A

transient global amnesia

123
Q

which delusional disorder shows paradoxical conduct?

A

erotomanic

124
Q

occurs only in men; perceived slight or insult results in violent or homicidal outburst and then brooding follows

A

Amok in Malaysia

125
Q

Severe hypochondriacal and anxiety concerns associated with discharge of semen and whitish discoloration of urine

A

Dhat in India

126
Q

Extreme excitement for about 30 minutes followed by seizures and coma

A

Piblokoto - Inuit/Eskimos

127
Q

Preoccupation with death and the deceased in Native american tribes

A

ghost sickness

128
Q

African-American or Caucasians in southern US or Caribbean - not voodoo, but based on christianity-curses from the lord

A

rootwork/hoodoo

129
Q

mental exhaustion exclusive in West Africa

A

brain fag

130
Q

exaggerated startle response with echolalia and echopraxia

A

jumping frenchmen of maine

131
Q

intense fear that ones genitalia is shrinking

A

koro

Behavioral Final material (5 decks)

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