More Past Paper Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy from the sun may ultimately end up in dead plant matter. Describe how

A

Photosynthesis

Carbon-containing molecules

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2
Q

What is meant by an abiotic factor

A

Physical/chemical non-living factor

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3
Q

Explain how to population of trees in the forest evolved adaptations to the environment

A

Variation from mutation

Better adapted to survive

Reproductive success

Allele frequencies change

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4
Q

Use evidence from the diagram to explain why the allele is recessive

A

Heterozygous carriers

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5
Q

Explain how oxygen in the roots enables the root to take up nitrogen-containing substances

A

Active transport

Which requires ATP

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6
Q

Explain why scientists used the same breed of pig in the investigation

A

Same breed so similar alleles

So controls variables

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7
Q

Explain why ATP is useful in many biological processes

A

Immediate energy source

Able to reform/be made again

Lowers activation energy

Released in simple step

Releases little amounts of energy

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8
Q

Describe how ATP is made in the mitochondria.

A
Substrate level phosphorylation 
Krebs cycle reduces NAD
Electrons released from reduced NAD
Electrons pass down ETC
Energy released
ADP + Pi
ATP synthase
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9
Q

Explain why it is important for plants to produce ATP in respiration as well as photosynthesis

A

Plants use more ATP than is produced in photosynthesis

ATP used for transport and synthesis of substances

Cannot photosynthesis in the dark

ATP can’t be stored

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10
Q

Suggest why the energy transfer from producers to consumers in this food web is higher than 10%

A

Eat most of the producer

Less heat/energy loss

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11
Q

The species that are present change during succession. Explain why

A

Changes in environment so less hostile so other species can survive

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12
Q

Use the graph to evaluate this conclusion

A

Other factors

Correlation not causation

Overlap ranges??

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13
Q

What substrate does co2 combine with in a chloroplast

A

RUBP

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14
Q

What are the advantages of biofuel being developed by government scientists rather than companies

A

No bias

Non-profit

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15
Q

Why is petroleum used as a comparison when evaluating the co2 production of biofuels

A

It’s Commonly used

Provides standard reference for comparison

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16
Q

Explain how farming practices increases the productivity of agricultural crops

A

Greenhouse use to enhance temperature etc

Ploughing soil to improve drainage

Covers and netting for protection from birds

Fertilisers
Pesticides for removing competition and pests that damage crop

17
Q

Describe how the action of microorganisms in the soil produces a source of nitrates for crop plants

A

Protein into ammonia by saprobionts

Ammonium into nitrite

Nitrite into nitrate
By nitrifying bacteria

Nitrogen to ammonia
By nitrogen-fixing bacteria

18
Q

Why are flies useful for studying genetic crosses

A

Breed fast so obtain results quicker

Large number means can do statistical tests

19
Q

Why are the observed ratios of number kids which alleles are not same as expected

A

Fertilisation is random

Fusion of games are random

Due to chance

20
Q

Explain why males likely to display a recessive allele carried on that X chromosome than females are

A

Makes only have one ALLELE

Females need 2 recessive alleles

21
Q

Where in the cell is the enzyme rubisco found

A

Stroma

22
Q

When does a yeast cell produce ethanol

A

By anaerobic respiration

23
Q

What happens during light-dependent reaction

A

Light energy hits chlorophyll

Energy lost when electrons along ETC

Energy used to join ADP + Pi to make ATP