more migration Flashcards
whats polands GNI and why is this rellevant
- ist high - over 600 billion USD
- this is beause its a country with high emigration (5.2%), but in the EU so alot of that includes skilled jobs
whatsteh pattern with GDP and imigration + exaple
- countries with higher GDP’s have higher imigration as tehre are sually more ecconomic migrants drawn to these countries
1. for example in 2021 in the US 734,000 imigrated. Their GDP is 23 tirillion - this is also besuse the more workign migrnats in a country the more the economy benifits
whats included in HDI
- mean yesrs of schooling
- GDP
- life expectancy
by how much will japan need to expand its migrant population by when and why ?
- to maintain its ecconomy and fill gaps in the labout market to mainstian social stabillity and economic groth it will need to exept x4 the amount of migrant workers it has today by 2040
1. this is becuse it has an aging population with over 30% of the population ion being over 65
what % of nepals GDP now comes from migrant remmitances ? and how much has tehir economy grown since 2000?
- 28.8%
- and expirenced a doubling in its economy since 2000nd
how much were EU migrants worth to the UK economy before brexit
£4.7 billion
how do flows of peopel to a hoste country create social stabillity (no exampel )
- fill gaps in the labour market
point for how flows of people create growth and development in host country (no examples)
- taxable income from working migrants
How do flows of ideas create growth in a migranst host countries (no examples)
Migration can premote growth by creating new markets
How does migration create inequallities in a migranst source countrie (no examples)
- brain drain and gaps in the labour market- decrese GNI
- week econ due to youg ecomoiclly active migrants leaving + skilled workers levaing- lower tax basis and PME
- inequallities between families who are and arnt resiving remmitances
whats teh frase u use for flows of ideas from migration helping create tollerance in a hoast country (no examples)
- Normalisation of multi cutural communitiesfosters social cohision and acceptance
how does migration cause conflict in a migrants host country (no examples)
- presure on servises
- clutural disputes
how have disparities with flows of tec caused in justices for migrants
- lack of infomation for migrants
1. Astralia doesnt allow small boats wit asylem seekers on, they restricked asses to anyone who tries this way
2. however their are still bussineses where smuggeler send bosts over to the continent
3. his is beause refugrees alck acess to tecnology and the internet etc so they are not aware - lac of info on the groud making it harder for aid organisation to respond to the pligth of refugees
give an exaple of sevire inequalliy caused by flows of peopel to a hoastountry
- asylem seekers arnt allowd to work
give an exaple of long term injustice for refugees
- 25 year old refugree camp e.g. Dabaab in keya - inequallity and injustices of life rain with little chance of the coflict being solved
how can flows of tec creat greater stabillity for migrnats in generla
- flows of info rom social media via tec help asylem seekers find up to date maps and safe areas to move to
how can flows of tec create greater groth in souce countries
- bank transfure tec making it easier to transure remittnace s
where is a good exaple of polish diasporas
leicester
give an example of how flows of tec can help stbillity for host countriesm
- better map migation so personel like border controle can be dirrected where needed
how do migrant flows of peopel create growth and depopment in a source country
disporas
whats the main way economic globalisation changes migration patters
- new sauce and host destinations
- ( incresed S-S and N-S flows )
is it diapora or diasporas
diaspora
whats teh % of male migrant in a certain southern regein in 2013
- 54% subsaharan africa - but this is doen from 60% in 1990
what % of japans pop is over 65 ?
30% - aging population - stage 5 of demographic transition model
how have migration patterns in Brzil changed over time
then
* 19th and 20th centary it was a net recipiant of migrants
* high migration in thsi period when economic migrnats from japan EUrope , e.g. portugal and germany. they were attrcate dto the agrucultural opertunities,e.g. cofee cultivation
* this also extened to alot of jampanees migrnats
* political crisi has head to peiods of high migration in south america, e.g. angola and bolivia
* migration from neighbouring countries has always been high, e.g. argentina nd paraguay
**now **
* imigration has massivly slowed and there is now a signifiavnt net migration loss
1. 80,000 less migrants now liv in brazil than at teh start of the centuary
* meanwhile emigration has increse
1. 1.77 million brazillion live argard vs 0.98 in 2000
2. net migration loss in the early 21st centuarry averaged 200-500k every 4 years
* much of japanese imigrants have migrated back - 370,000 brazillian born migrnats now liv in japan
how has migration caused economic development in brazil
- in the past waves of migration from countries like portugal, germany and japan contrabuted to a growth in the agruculture and manufactoring industry. E.g cofee farming and janaise being over rise farming tecnique
- recent raivals of highly skilled professionals from the dispora links of these original migrnat flows have contrabutd to entrapernorship, innovation and reducing gaps in the labor market as well as economic globalisation, brazil has rapidly developed in the late 20th-21 centuarry - BRIC nation, many of these workers already have employment contacts - brazil now has the 10th largest GDP in the word
- remittances - e.g. japan portiugal and uSA and other european counties
1. 0.1% GDP and 2.4 billion in 2014
how has migration caused political stabillity
- Brazil has a stable democrtic political system, key mebour of mecosure and an important mebbour of OECD and G20 - this is agrubly due to ites rapid development as a brick nation. which has been helped along by migration from japan and europe seeting up argucture and manufacturing in teh 19th and 20th centary
- membour of mecosur - politial stabillity in south america as there is free movemnt of labou rworkers - helpt south america become more intergarted less divided and premo ideas of stbillity
- stable reationship between brazil and countries it has bilateral flows with e.g prtugal the USA
1. e.g. in april 2023 biden asked congress for 500 million to contrbaute to brazils amzon fund - it is important in cresting global stabillity as a resipient of many enviroemtal and political refugees e.g haiti. and as a stable government they accept responcibillity for their welfiar and employment provding work permits and viasas e.g haiti
is there free movemtn between brazil and portugal?
yes, but this does not extend to the EU
how has migration causes social inequallity in brazil
- inequllity in brazil between differnt ethnic groups of migratic acording to UNESCO. This includes overt rasism by employers and brazillian africans are worst effected. this includes accest to housinf servises and eduction
- there is a lot of inequllity caused by the rural to urban intra-regional migration. this consentrates int he mass city slums or “favelas” in the southern cities i particular ( peopel wil migrate from westand up north)
1. its estimate 1.5 million peopel live in the flavellas around rio
2. full economic political and social development is impeded by discrimination in the labour markert towards black and indigenous workers acording to UNESCO.
whats an important factor to mention along side migrant remittanes ?
- the Possitive multiplyer effect