more midterm Flashcards
how much rotation in the upper cervical?
how much in the lower cervical?
40-45
40-45
how much flexion in upper c spine?
how much flexion in lower c spine?
20-25
35
How much extension in upper c spine?
lower?
20-25
45
how much lateral bending in upper c spine?
how much in lower c spine?
5-10
20-45
The majority of flexion/ext in the c spine is where?
C2-C7
note: also not a lot of lateral bending occurs at upper c spine
Thoracic rule of 3s
T1-T3 - TP and SP same level
T4-T6 SP half a level lower
T7-T9 SP a level below TP
T10-T12 - same
How are motions coupled at the thoracic?
Upper thoracic - ipsilateral
Lower thoracic - contralateral
If someone has an infrasternal angle under 90
their diaphragm is _________
seen more common in ________ posture
cant move the ____ handle ribs as well
overly descended
flat back posture
pump handle
If someone has an infrasternal angle over 100…
typically has ________ posture
can’t use ________ handle ribs properly, likely a _____ breather
lordosis/kyphosis
bucket handle
belly breather
What kind of postures is associated with scapular winging
sway back
What is the most common kind of TOS?
Neurological
Where can TOS occur (3 places)
interscalene triangle
costoclavicular space
subcoracoid space
Surgical candidates for TOS:
Failed conservative managment (4-6 months)
Neuro-TOS patients with uncontrolled pain
all arterial and venous TOS patients
What are the different causes of TOS?
Trauma
Repetitive motions
Anatomical variations (example: first rib)
Malignancy (example: pancoast tumors)
If the subcostal margin does not expand with arms raised overhead, what could be tight?
external oblique
how to stretch upper trap?
Stabilize shoulder
slight flexion
contra side bend
how to stretch anterior/middle scalene?
rstabilize shoulder
slight ext
contralateral sidebend
ipsilateral rotation
treatment of the uncovertebral joints at C3-T1 requires __________-
manipulation/gapping mobilization
The spine of the scapula rests at what vert level?
T3
The scapula should rest approximately _________ from the thoracic vertebrae
5cm or 3 finger widths
What how much motion happens at AC joint w/ arm elevation?
what about the SC joint/
35 AC post rotation
25 SC elevation
The humerus needs to _____________ to clear the greater tuberosity
externally rotate 35-45 degrees
The force of the deltoid pulls the humerus _______-
upward and outward
which muscle provides a direct compressing force into the glenoid?
supraspinatus
what nerve levels innervate the serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve C5 C6 C7
What are the primary 2 muscles that do upwards rotation of the scap
mostly the lower trap and serratus anterior
to a lesser extent upper trap
An infrasternal angle under 90 is often seen with what posture
flat back posture
T or F: Increased kyphosis can lead to an increase in force on verterbal body and disc
true
Infrasternal angle under 90 is more likely to have what posture?
Over 100?
Flat back
Lordosis/kyphosis
T or F: you can see scapular winging at rest
F, scapular winging is an active thing
What are the facet joint angles
cervical:
Thoracic:
Lumbar:
45
60
90
How much scapular motion occurs in the first 20-30 degrees of elevation
None
What exercises work on posterior tipping of the scapula, what muscles do this?
I T W Y
Lower trap
