More lipids Flashcards
What are lipids
biomolecules that are insoluble in water but are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
Classes of Lipids
Saponifiable lipids and Non-saponifiable lipids
What is saponification
a reaction in which an ester is hydrolyzed using a strong base (like NaOH)
results in cleavage of the fatty acid from the glycerol backbone and produces a sodium salt fatty acid and glycerol
What does saponification create
a sodium salt fatty acid and a glycerol
What are the two sub-groups of saponifiable lipids
polar and nonpolar lipids
What are the two sub-classes of saponifiable- polar-lipids
phospholipids, and glycolipids
What is amphipathic
have both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
What are saponifiable non-polar lipids
Triaclylglycerides
What is the major function of triacylglycerides
Storage lipids
What are two types of non-saponifiable lipids
Steroids and fat soluble vitamins
Non-Saponifiable lipids do not contain ____ bonds
ester
What are 2 fat soluble vitamins
A and E
What is the hydrophilic and reactive group of a fatty acid
the carboxylic acid
What dictates the function of a fatty acid
its structure
- more specifically its length and degree of saturation
What are some functions of lipids
Structural building blocks
Signal molecules
Energy storage
What are the 4 types of lipids
Enzyme Cofactors, Light absorbing pigments, Intracellular messengers, Hormones
What is the most significant property of lipids
Hydrophobic properties
The carboxylic acid group of a fatty acid forms what kind of bond with a glycerol backbone
ester
_____ fatty acids are released from adipocytes and occur from the breakdown of triglycerides
free
What do do free fatty acids bind to
plasma’s albumin protein and circulate in the blood
Fatty acids are consumed by _____ to make ATP thru ________
mitochondria, Beta-Oxidation
the notation 18:0 denotes what
18 carbons and 0 double bonds
fatty acid chains are not what in animals but are in archaea
branched
why are saturated fatty acids more stable
greater van der Waals forces with neighboring tails; tough to separate
tails pack tightly together so can stack and become solid more easily
Saturated fatty acids are ____ at room temp
Solids
Saturated fatty acids have a _______ membrane fluidity when compared to unsaturated
decreased
Do proteins have difficulty crossing saturated fats
yes
The conformation of unsaturated fatty acids in biological terms is always
Cis
What happens to solubility when the chain of a fatty acid grows
it becomes more insoluble
What is the maximum length of a fatty acid that our body can make
18 carbons
How long are short chain fatty acids
less than 6 carbons
where do short chain fatty acids get absorbed
directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein
How long are medium Chain fatty acids
6-12 carbons
Where are medium fatty acids absorbed
directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein
How long are long chain Fatty acids
13-21 Carbons
Where do long chain fatty acids get absorbed
in the walls of the small intestine and reassembled into triglycerides, coated with cholesterol and a protein forming chylomicrons
- The chylomicrons are released into the lymphatic system into the thoracic duct and travel up to the subclavian vein where it is released in the bloodstream to be stored in tissues
what is the only end of a fatty acid that is ionizable
carboxyl end
Humans do not have the ability to insert double bonds beyond carbon #_____
10 inbetween 9-10 is our last one
what is the function of omega 9 fatty acids
help to lower bad cholesterol, increase good cholesterol and control blood sugar
Where are omega 6 fatty acids found
in vegetable oil
what is the function of omega 6 fatty acids
helps with the regulation of blood flow and blood cholesterol
What is the common name for omega 6 FA
linoleate (18:2) and Arachidonate (20:4)
What is the common name for omega 3 FA
Linolenate
Which of the omega FA do we want the highest percentage of
omega 3 FA
Where are omega 3 FA found
found in fish oil and originate from phytoplankton
What is the function of omega 3 FA
has an anti-inflammatory effect which is beneficial to the heart to prevent atherosclerosis
Sphingophospholipids have an _____ alcohol that contains _______ long hydrocarbon chain connected via the primary hydroxyl group to a ________ via a __________ bond
amino, unsaturated, phosphorylcholine, phosphodiester bond
Sphingophospholipids play an important role in
cell recognition and binding
