Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry (material for exam II) > More lipids > Flashcards

More lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipids

A

biomolecules that are insoluble in water but are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classes of Lipids

A

Saponifiable lipids and Non-saponifiable lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is saponification

A

a reaction in which an ester is hydrolyzed using a strong base (like NaOH)
results in cleavage of the fatty acid from the glycerol backbone and produces a sodium salt fatty acid and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does saponification create

A

a sodium salt fatty acid and a glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two sub-groups of saponifiable lipids

A

polar and nonpolar lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two sub-classes of saponifiable- polar-lipids

A

phospholipids, and glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is amphipathic

A

have both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are saponifiable non-polar lipids

A

Triaclylglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the major function of triacylglycerides

A

Storage lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two types of non-saponifiable lipids

A

Steroids and fat soluble vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non-Saponifiable lipids do not contain ____ bonds

A

ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 fat soluble vitamins

A

A and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the hydrophilic and reactive group of a fatty acid

A

the carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What dictates the function of a fatty acid

A

its structure

- more specifically its length and degree of saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some functions of lipids

A

Structural building blocks
Signal molecules
Energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 types of lipids

A

Enzyme Cofactors, Light absorbing pigments, Intracellular messengers, Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most significant property of lipids

A

Hydrophobic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The carboxylic acid group of a fatty acid forms what kind of bond with a glycerol backbone

A

ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ fatty acids are released from adipocytes and occur from the breakdown of triglycerides

A

free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do do free fatty acids bind to

A

plasma’s albumin protein and circulate in the blood

21
Q

Fatty acids are consumed by _____ to make ATP thru ________

A

mitochondria, Beta-Oxidation

22
Q

the notation 18:0 denotes what

A

18 carbons and 0 double bonds

23
Q

fatty acid chains are not what in animals but are in archaea

A

branched

24
Q

why are saturated fatty acids more stable

A

greater van der Waals forces with neighboring tails; tough to separate
tails pack tightly together so can stack and become solid more easily

25
Q

Saturated fatty acids are ____ at room temp

A

Solids

26
Q

Saturated fatty acids have a _______ membrane fluidity when compared to unsaturated

A

decreased

27
Q

Do proteins have difficulty crossing saturated fats

A

yes

28
Q

The conformation of unsaturated fatty acids in biological terms is always

A

Cis

29
Q

What happens to solubility when the chain of a fatty acid grows

A

it becomes more insoluble

30
Q

What is the maximum length of a fatty acid that our body can make

A

18 carbons

31
Q

How long are short chain fatty acids

A

less than 6 carbons

32
Q

where do short chain fatty acids get absorbed

A

directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein

33
Q

How long are medium Chain fatty acids

A

6-12 carbons

34
Q

Where are medium fatty acids absorbed

A

directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein

35
Q

How long are long chain Fatty acids

A

13-21 Carbons

36
Q

Where do long chain fatty acids get absorbed

A

in the walls of the small intestine and reassembled into triglycerides, coated with cholesterol and a protein forming chylomicrons
- The chylomicrons are released into the lymphatic system into the thoracic duct and travel up to the subclavian vein where it is released in the bloodstream to be stored in tissues

37
Q

what is the only end of a fatty acid that is ionizable

A

carboxyl end

38
Q

Humans do not have the ability to insert double bonds beyond carbon #_____

A

10 inbetween 9-10 is our last one

39
Q

what is the function of omega 9 fatty acids

A

help to lower bad cholesterol, increase good cholesterol and control blood sugar

40
Q

Where are omega 6 fatty acids found

A

in vegetable oil

41
Q

what is the function of omega 6 fatty acids

A

helps with the regulation of blood flow and blood cholesterol

42
Q

What is the common name for omega 6 FA

A

linoleate (18:2) and Arachidonate (20:4)

43
Q

What is the common name for omega 3 FA

A

Linolenate

44
Q

Which of the omega FA do we want the highest percentage of

A

omega 3 FA

45
Q

Where are omega 3 FA found

A

found in fish oil and originate from phytoplankton

46
Q

What is the function of omega 3 FA

A

has an anti-inflammatory effect which is beneficial to the heart to prevent atherosclerosis

47
Q

Sphingophospholipids have an _____ alcohol that contains _______ long hydrocarbon chain connected via the primary hydroxyl group to a ________ via a __________ bond

A

amino, unsaturated, phosphorylcholine, phosphodiester bond

48
Q

Sphingophospholipids play an important role in

A

cell recognition and binding

Biochemistry (material for exam II) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions