More G&D Flashcards
Head sustained in plane of body on ventral suspension
2 months
Head above plane of body on ventral suspension
3 months
Cruises or walks holding on to furniture
10 months
Plays peek-a-boo
10 months
Waves bye-bye
10 months
Picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement
10 months
Picks up pellet with unassisted pincer grasp
12 months
Releases object to other person on request
12 months
Emergence of picky eating habits
2 years old
Birthweight quadruples by
2 1/2 years
An average 4 y/o weighs ___ and is ___ tall
40 lb, 40 in
HC will grow only an additional ___ between 3 and 18 yrs
5 cm
Language development occurs most rapidly between
2 and 5 yrs
As a rule of thumb, between 2 and 5 yrs, number of words in a typical sentence is
Equals the child’s age e.g. 2 by age 2, 3 by age 3
By ___, most children are using possessives, progressives, questions, and negatives
21 mo to 2 years
By ___, most children can count to 4
4 years
By ___, most children use the past tense
4 years
By ___, most children can use the future tense
5 years
Reflex onset: Palmar grasp
28 weeks
Reflex onset: Rooting
32 weeks
Reflex onset: Moro
28-32 weeks
Reflex onset: Tonic neck
35 weeks
Reflex onset: Parachute
7-8 months
Reflex fully developed: Palmar grasp
32 weeks
Reflex fully developed: Rooting
36 weeks
Reflex fully developed: Moro
37 weeks
Reflex fully developed: Tonic neck
1 mo
Reflex fully developed: Parachute
10-11 mo
Reflex duration: Palmar grasp
2-3 mo
Reflex duration: Rooting
Less prominent after 1 mo
Reflex duration: Moro
5-6 mo
Reflex duration: Tonic neck
6-7 mo
Reflex duration: Parachute
Remains throughout life
An asymmetric moro reflex may signify
Fractured clavicle, brachial plexus injury, or hemiparesis
T/F Absence of a Moro reflex in a term NB is ominous, suggesting significant CNS dysfunction
T
T/F Obligatory tonic neck response by which the infant remains locked in the fencer’s position is always abnormal
T
The parachute reflex appears before what motor ability
Walking
T/F Normally arm span is almost equal to standing height
T
Head is disproportionately large at birth and ratio of head height to total height is approx
1:4
At skeletal maturity, ratio of head height to total height is approx
1:7.5
Lower extremity accounts for about ___% of height at birth and ___% of height at skeletal maturity
15, 30
By age ___ birth height usually doubles
5 yrs
By age ___ child is approximately 60% of adult height
5 yrs
By age ___ child is approximately 80% of adult height
9 yrs
T/F Bone age is more important than chronological age in determining future growth potential
T
Adult kinematic patterns in gait start developing by age ___ and the time-distance parameters reach adult values by age ___ with development of fully mature gait pattern
3,7
T/F Early walking is NOT associated with advanced development in other domains
T
Most children walk with mature gait and run steadily before the end of
3rd year
SMR stage, pubic hair, female: Preadol
1
SMR stage, pubic hair, female: Lightly pigmented
2
SMR stage, pubic hair, female: Straight
2
SMR stage, pubic hair, female: Begin to curl
3
SMR stage, pubic hair, female: Curly
4
SMR stage, pubic hair, female: Adult pattern
5
SMR stage, pubic hair, male: Resembles adult type
4
SMR stage, breasts: Breast and papilla elevated forming a small mound
2
SMR stage, breasts: Increased diameter of areola
2
SMR stage, breasts: Breast and areola enlarged
3
SMR stage, breasts: No contour separation
3
SMR stage, breasts: Areola and papilla form a secondary mound
4
SMR stage, breasts: Nipple projects
5
SMR stage, breasts: Areola part of general breast contour
5
SMR stage, penis: Minimal change/enlargement
2
SMR stage, penis: Lengthens
3
SMR stage, penis: Glans and breadth increase
4
SMR stage, penis: Adult size
5
SMR stage, testes: Enlarged scrotum
2
SMR stage, testes: Scrotal texture unaltered
2
SMR stage, testes: Dark scrotum
4
SMR stage, testes: Adult size
5
Hallmark of SMR 2, females
Appearance of breast buds
First visible sign of puberty, females
Appearance of breast buds
Normal thelarche
8-12 y
Menarche is typically when (in relation to thelarche, age range; SMR)
2 1/2 years after thelarche; 9-16; 3-4
First visible sign of puberty, males ___, followed by ___
Scrotal enlargement (SMR 2), penile growth (SMR 3)
Peak growth of testes occurs when volumes reach
9-10cm3 during SMR 4
Lower testis
Left
Some degree of breast hypertrophy occurs in 40-65% of boys during SMR ___ and are typically ___ (uni- vs bilateral)
2-3, bilateral
Gynecomastia that requires a workup in boys
Presenting later in puberty, prepubertal period, in the absence of signs of pubertal development
Peak growth velocities during adolescence are not reached until SMR ___
3-4
Growth spurt: Boys typically begin ___ relative to girls, peak ___, and continue until ___
At a later SMR, 2-3 years later than girls, 2-3 years after girls have stopped
T/F Asymmetric growth spurt begins where
Distally with enlargement of hands and feet
Age: Early adolescence
11-14yrs
Age: Middle adolescence
15-17yrs
Age: Late adolescence
18-21yrs
Early, middle, late adol: Early puberty
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Mid-late puberty in females
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: End of puberty in males
Late
Early, middle, late adol: End of growth spurt in females
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Development of female body shape with fat deposition
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Mid-puberty in males
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Spermarche
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Nocturnal emissions
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Continued increase in muscle bulk and body hair in males
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Voice breaks in males
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Menarche
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Concrete thinking
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Abstract thinking
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Complex abstract thinking
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Early moral concepts
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Self seen as “bullet proof”
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Identification of difference between law and morality
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Sexual orientation/sexual identity development
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Possible HOMOsexual peer interest
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Growing verbal abilities
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Identification of law with morality
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Increased impulse control
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Further identity development
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Reassessment of body image
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Start fervent ideology (religious, political)
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Further development or rejection of religious and political ideology
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Emotional separation from parents
Early
Early, middle, late adol: START of strong peer identification
Early
Early, middle, late adol: Strong peer identification
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Increased health risk (smoking, alcohol, etc)
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Development of social autonomy
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Intimate relationships
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Early exploratory behaviors (smoking, violence)
Early
Early, middle, late adol: HETEROsexual peer interest
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Early vocational plans
Middle
Early, middle, late adol: Development of vocational capability
Late
Early, middle, late adol: Financial independence
Late
Approx weight in kg: 3-12 mos
(Age in mo + 9) / 2
Approx weight in kg: 1-6 yrs
Age in yr x 2 + 8
Approx weight in kg: 7-12 yrs
[(Age in yr x 7) - 5] / 2
Approx height in cm: At 1 yr
75
Approx height in cm: At 2-12 yrs
Age in yr x 6 + 77
Lower segment is measured from
Symphysis pubis to floor
Upper segment is
Height minus lower segment
U/L at birth
1.7
U/L at 3 yrs
1.3
U/L after 7 yrs
1
T/F Skeletal maturation is linked more closely to SMR than to chronological age
T
Initial mineralization begins at what trimester
2nd
Mineralization of teeth continues through ___ for primary (deciduous) teeth and ___ for permanent teeth
3 yrs, 25 yrs
Mineralization begins at what portion of the teeth
Crown to root
Exfoliation begins at about ___ and continues through ___
6 yrs, 12 yrs
T/F Timing of dental development has a good correlation with other processes of growth and maturation
F, poor correlation
Delayed eruption is usually considered when
No teeth by approx 13 months (mean + 3 SD)
Common causes of delayed eruption of teeth
Hypothyroid, hypoparathyroid, familial, idiopathic (MOST COMMON)
Causes of early exfoliation
Histiocytosis X, cyclic neutropenia, leukemia, trauma, idiopathic
A discrete line of pitting on the enamel suggests
Time-limited insult
