Moral Theories

Question 0

In terms of consequentialism, what is Utilitarianism?

Answer 0

Holds that an action is right if it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number of people. (Developed by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham).

Flaws:

• Focuses on majority but tends to ignore the minority
• What the majority wants may not always be the right thing to do

Question 1

What is Consequentialism?

Answer 1

Anticipating the likely results of an action and decide whether it is beneficial or harmful

Consequentialism holds that the consequences of an action forms a valid basis of the particular action

2 types of consequentialism:

1) Utilitarianism
2) Altruism

Question 2

In terms of consequentialism, what is Altruism?

Answer 2

The consequence for the Dr are to be taken into consideration.

• But in medicine we dont look at the benefits of the doctor as the benefit of the patient is the primary concern
• Although it would be a useful theory to protect the rights of the doctor?

Question 3

Virtue Ethics

Answer 3

This is the theory which assumes what the likely virtues a well motivated person would choose in the circumstances, because virtuous people tend to do good and right things

Question 4

Duty Based Ethics

Answer 4

This theory emphasises the obligations on the doctor based upon good, universal, moral principles even if the consequences may sometimes be harmful or the intentions dubious (unsure).