mood disorders1 Flashcards
key features of atypical depression (as opposed to melancholic)
weight gain. Intact mood reactivity. Leaden paralysis. Rejection sensitivity.
what is the mixed features specifier?
three subthreshold symptoms from opposing pole are present during a full mood episode. Applies to depressive, manic, hypomanic
tx for Depressive mixed states
uncertain but antidepressants may aggravate
Major depressive disorder vs persistent depressive (dysthymic) disorder
Major depressive episode (at least 2 wks) vs never w/o symptoms for >2months for 2 yrs.
Bipolar 1 vs 2 vs cyclothymmia
hx of manic episode. Hx of hypomanic w/ no manic episodes. Recurrent mild depression (not full major depressive episodes) and hypomanias
what is kindling
risk of recurrence becomes greater with each episode
in what mood do most ppl with bipolar disorder spend most of their time
depression
biomarkers of recurrent MDD
decreased immune fxn. HPT axis dysregulation (possible hypothyroidism). Volume reduction in basal ganglia, hippocampus, frontal cortex (esp left prefrontal). HPA axis problems (hypercortisolemia)
manic episode: how long and how to diagnose
1 wk. Hospitalization or 3 of following: Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, increase in goal-directed Activity/Agitation, decreased Sleep, Talkativeness (DIG FAST)
Major depressive disorder: characteristics
at least 5 of following for 2 wks: Sleep disturbance, loss of Interest, Guilt or worthlessness, loss of Energy, loss of Concentration, Appetite/weight changes, Psychomotor retardation or agitation, Suicidal ideations (SIG E CAPS)
