Mood disorders pt 1

Question 1

Unipolar

Answer 1

Major depression
Major depressive episode
Dysthymia

Question 2

Bipolar

Answer 2

Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Cyclothymia

Question 3

Major depressive episode

Answer 3

extreme depression
2+ weeks
Duration 4-9 untreated

Question 4

Manic episode

Answer 4

Exaggerated elation, joy, euphoria
1 week
Duration3-4 months untreated

Question 5

Hypomanic episode

Answer 5

Shorter 4 days
Less severe, milder symptoms
less risky behavior

Question 6

Major depressive disorder - single epsiode

Answer 6

No mania/ hypomania
single episode
rare

Question 7

Major depressive disorder - recurrent

Answer 7

2+ 2 months apart
typically 4-7 episodes (lifetime)

Question 8

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dsythymia)

Answer 8

Milder symptoms
2+ years

Question 9

Psychotic features (Depressive)

Answer 9

Hallucinations
Delusions

Question 10

Perpartum onset

Answer 10

13-19%

Question 11

Seasonal pattern

Answer 11

Seasonal affective disorders (SAD)
2.7%
Melatonin phototherapy

Question 12

Risk in adolescence and young adult (depressive)

Answer 12

increase

Question 13

Risk in middle adult (depressive)

Answer 13

decrease

Question 14

Risk in old age

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

Depressive prevalence

Answer 15

16

Question 16

Depression in women

Answer 16

twice as common in women than men

Question 17

Bipolar I

Answer 17

Presence of mani episode 7+
Depressive episode optional
If ever a manic episode, automatically Bipolar I

Question 18

Bipolar II

Answer 18

Presence of a hypomanic episode 4-6
Depressive episode required

Question 19

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 19

alternating manic and depressive
less severe
persists longer

Question 20

Chronic symptoms

Answer 20

ADULTS = 2+ YEARS

Question 21

Rapid Bipolar

Answer 21

20-50%

Question 22

Onset bipolar I

Answer 22

15-18

Question 23

Onset bipolar II

Answer 23

19-22

Question 24

Bipolar and gender

Answer 24

equal among men/women

Question 25

Depression genetics

Answer 25

higher heritability for females, largely social

Question 26

Bipolar genetics

Answer 26

Relatively equivalent, very high

Question 27

Depression neurotrans

Answer 27

serotonin - maybe

Question 28

Bipolar neurotrans

Answer 28

Dopamine

Question 29

Endocrine system - stress

Answer 29

Overactive HPA axis
Elevated cortisol
Suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis

Question 30

Sleep and circadian rhythsm

Answer 30

REM (reduced latency, increase intensity)
Decreased slow wave sleep
Sleep deprivation effect in bipolar

Question 31

Brain wave activity in depression

Answer 31

Greater right side anterior activation
Less alpha wave
reduced basal ganglia and amygdala size

Question 32

Brain wave activity in Bipolar

Answer 32

More left side activation
Larger basal ganglia and amygdala

Question 33

Stressful life events

Answer 33

context and meaning
stressful life events are strongly related to onset
Depression + negative stress
Mania + positive stress

Question 34

Depression attributional style

Answer 34

how you explain an event

Question 35

Internal vs external

Answer 35

my fault or somebody else’s faults (internal depression)

Question 36

Stable vs temporary

Answer 36

problem for right night or ongoing (stable depression)

Question 37

Global vs Specific

Answer 37

Problem with the issue or globally affect alot

Question 38

Cognitive theory of depression

Answer 38

Beck - negative schemas, automatic thoughts

Question 39

Treatment implications CTD

Answer 39

Correcting the errors

Question 40

Cognitive errors in depression

Answer 40

negative interpretations