Anxiety disorders pt 1 Flashcards
Fear
a present oriented mood state
immediate fight or flight
abrupt activation of sympathetic nervous system
strong avoidance
Anxiety
a future oriented mood state
apprehension about future danger
physical symptoms of tension
may lead to avoidance
4 types of symptoms
physiological/ somatic
cognitive
behavioral
emotional
Panic attack
abrupt experience of intense fear
Panic attack physical
heart palpitations, chest pain, dizzy, sweat, chills/heat
Panic attack cognitive
fear of losing control, dying, going crazy
Expected (cued)
it is happening in a particular context in response to a stressor you can point out - public speaking
Unexpected (uncued)
randomly occurring - walking down street randomly
Characteristic of anxiety disorers
perverse and persistant
involve excessive avoidance
clinically significant distress
Increased physiological vulnerability
polygenetic influence - cortisol and HPA axis
Brain circuits and neurotransmitters
GABA, Noradrenergic, serotonergic
Limbic system
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)- brain stem, amygdala
Flight or flight (FSS) system - panic circuit, alarm and escape response
Frued
anxiety- psychic reaction to danger
infantile fear situations
Behaviorists
classical and operant
modeling
more accurate, especially phobia
Comorbidity
having more than one diagnosis at once - very common across anxiety disorder (w/ depression)
half have 2+
Suicide attempt with anxiety
similar as MDD, but not exclusively w depression
Generalized Anxiety Disorder - GAD
excessive uncontrollable anxious apprehension and worry about multiple areas of life
6+ months
GAD symptoms
muscle tension, restlessness, fatigue, irritability, concentration difficulties, sleep disturbance
GAD percentage
5.7 in lifetime
GAD onset
insidious and early adulthood
Biological GAD
genetic inheritance
less responsive
Psychological GAD
Active cognitive processing (even though low physiological processing- Left v right brain
High threat sensitivity
The worrying is becoming avoidance
Start thinking the worrying is what is preventing the outcome
Treatments GAD pharma
Benzo, Antidepressants - not riding of disorder, managing symptons
Treatments GAD Psych
cognitive-behavioral therapy ( exposure, coping)
Meditation
better long term
Panic disorder and Agoraphobia
2 separate things, but commonly present together
Clinical description panic
unexpected panic attacks
anxiety, worry, or fear of another attack
persists for 1+ month
Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations/ events
Panic disorder onset
acute, between 20-24
Panic disorder prevelance
4.7
Causes of panic disorder
Generalized biological vulnerability (Alarm reaction to stress, Fight, flight, freeze overload)
Cues get associated with situations- Conditioning occurs
Cognitive biases - Overly close attention to and misinterpretation of bodily sensations
Safety behaviors
actions to avoid or reduce anxiety-provoking situations
Treatments of panic/agoraphobia
benzo - gaba
SSRI
high relapse rate
Psychological interventions
exposure based
