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BioPsych > Mood Disorders KT > Flashcards

Mood Disorders KT Flashcards

1
Q

antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs

A

relive schizophrenia and similar conditions

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2
Q

atypical antidepressants

A

miscellaneous group of drugs with antidepressant effects with mild side effetcs
inhibits reuptake of dopamine and some norepinephrine, but NOT SEROTONIN

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3
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

affects ability to connect and communicate

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4
Q

bipolar disorder

A

alternating states of depression and mania

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5
Q

butyrophenones

A

includes halperidol (Haldol) - block dopamine synapse

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6
Q

chlorpromazine

A

relieves positive symptoms of schizophrenia
first drug used to treat schizophrenia

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7
Q

concordance

A

agreement
monozygotic twins have much higher

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8
Q

deep brain stimulation

A
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9
Q

delusions

A

false ideas and beliefs

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10
Q

differential diagnosis

A
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11
Q

DISC1

A

disrupted in schizophrenia 1
gene controls rate of generation of new neurons and dendritic spine profuction

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12
Q

dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

A

excess activity at dopamine synapses

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13
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

electrically induced seizure used for treatment of severe depression

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14
Q

folic acid

A

may relieve depressive symptoms, ingredient in mood stabilizers

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15
Q

glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia

A

deficient activity at glutamate synapses

dopamine inhibits glutamate release or glutamate stimulates neurons that inhibit dopamine release

Increased dopamine thus produces the same effects as decreased glutamate

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16
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory sensations

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17
Q

lithium

A

salt that stabilizes mood and prevents relapse in mania or depression

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18
Q

major depression

A

feeling sad and helpless everyday for weeks and includes:

-Little energy
–Feelings of worthlessness
–Suicidal thoughts
–Feelings of hopelessness
–Difficulty sleeping
–Difficulty concentrating
–Little pleasure

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19
Q

mania

A
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20
Q

mesolimbocortical system

A

set of neurons that project from midbrain to limbic system - where antipsychotics have positive effects

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21
Q

methadone

A
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22
Q

monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

block enzyme that eats serotonin -> more transmitters in presynaptic terminal that can be released

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23
Q

negative symptom

A

take away from experience
absent emotion, speech, and socialization

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24
Q

neurodevelopmental hypothesis

A

abnormalities in prenatal or neonatal development of nervous system leads to minor brain abnormalities and major abnormalities in behavior
result from genetics
environment aggravate

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25
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

motivation

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26
Q

phencyclidine (PCP)

A

support glutamate hypothesis

Low doses produce intoxication and slurred speech
–Larger doses produce positive and negative symptoms
–Produce little psychotic responses in preadolescents; produce relapse in people with prior schizophrenia

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27
Q

phenothiazines

A
28
Q

positive symptoms

A

add to experience; behaviors that should not be there
hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior

29
Q

schizophrenia

A

deteriorating ability to function in everyday life for at least six mos. and at least two of the following:
–Hallucinations: i.e., “hearing voices”
–Delusions: unjustifiable beliefs
–Disorganized speech
–Grossly disorganized behavior
–Weak or absent signs of emotion, speech, and socialization

30
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
treatment?

A

form of depression that regularly occurs in a particular season
very bright light - regulating circadian rhythm

31
Q

season-of-birth effect

A

people born in winter have a slightly greater probability of developing schizophrenia could be because illnesses are more common and nutrition

32
Q

second-generation antipsychotics

A

seldom cause movement problems
more effective at treating negative symptoms
less effect on dopamine D2 receptors; more on serotonin type 5-HT2

33
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

blocking reuptake of serotonin

34
Q

self-stimulation of the brain

A
35
Q

serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

A

block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

36
Q

substance-induced psychotic disorder

A

hallucinations and delusions resulting from repeated large doses of amphetamines, methamphetamines, or cocaine

37
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

main late onset condition among the Antipsychotics. These are involuntary movements, mainly of the tongue and mouth with twisting of the tongue, chewing, and grimacing movements of the face.

38
Q

tricyclics

A

block transporter that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into presynaptic neuron after release

39
Q

(MD)
What is a more reliable symptom that increased sadness?

A

absence of happiness

40
Q

After age 14, ajor depression is more common in

A

women

41
Q

What increases risk of major depression?

A

Risk is elevated among relatives of people with early-onset depression

42
Q

What gene has been identified in causing major depression?

A

one that controls the serotonin transporter gene
controls the ability of the axon to reabsorb the neurotransmitter after release

43
Q

What disease has been linked to depression/schizophrenia?

A

Borna

44
Q

what are side effects of tricyclics? why?

A

drowsiness, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, heart irregularities
block histamine, acetylcholine receptors, and some sodium channels

45
Q

which antidepressant drugs are prescribed if SSRIs and tricyclics are not effective?

A

MAOIs

46
Q

Which antidepressants have the same effect as tricyclics but less side effects?

A

SSRIs

47
Q

herb often used as treatment of depression

A

St Johns Wort

48
Q

BDNF

A

brain-derived neurotrophic factor; important for synaptic activity

49
Q

Prolonged used of antidepressants increases _________ production

A

BDNF

50
Q

Drugs work better for ________ than psychotherapy

A

dysthymia: long term unhappy mood

51
Q

side effect of ECT

A

memory loss

52
Q

lifelong trait of people that are depressed:

A

sleep pattern disruption; awaken early and are unable to get back to sleep

53
Q

What is the quickest method of relieving depression? What is a more practical solution?

A

a night of total sleep deprivation
benefit is brief, and increased sensitivity to pain

go to sleep earlier

54
Q

Exercise recommended for depression
why?

A

regular, non-strenuous
increased neurogenesis & BDNF
decrease stress hormones

55
Q

unipolar disorder

A

alternating states of normality and depression

56
Q

bipolar I

A
57
Q

bipolar II

A
58
Q

most people suffering from depression have decreased activity in _____ hemisphere & increased activity in the ______ hemisphere

A

left; right

59
Q

What are the main symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, weak emotion/speech/socialization

60
Q

the older age of the _____ at birth the more likely they are to have schizophrenia

A

father

61
Q

for ____zygotic schizophrenic twins there is a 50% concordance

A

mono

62
Q

childhood infections like toxoplasma gondii lead to some schizophrenic symptoms. What animal does it reproduce in and are to be owned in shildhood by schizophrenics>

A

cat

63
Q

mid brain abnormalities and schizophrenia

A

less than average gray matter & larger ventricles
deficits in left temporal and frontal areas
thalamus is smaller

64
Q

what drugs are involved with substance-induced psychotic disorder

A

cocaine, amphetamine, and LSD - increase activity in dopamine receptors

65
Q

schizophrenics have ____ as many D2 receptors

A

twice

66
Q

what drug psychosis is similar to schizophrenia

A

PCP

67
Q

second generation (atypical) antipsychotics

A

alleviate schizophrenia with no movement issues
stronger effects on D4 and serotonin receptors
more effective than typical

BioPsych (5 decks)

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