Mood Disorders Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the core symptoms of depression?
Continuous low mood for at least 2 weeks
Lack of energy
Lack of enjoyment/ interest (anhedonia)
What are some somatic symptoms of depression?
Sleep changes - EMW Appetite and weight changes Diurnal variation of mood (morning worse) Psychomotor retardation/ agitation Loss of libido
Give examples of cognitive symptoms of depression
Low self esteem Guilt/self blame Hopelessness Hypochondrical thoughts Poor concentration Suicidal thoughts
When is a symptom counted as significant?
If it is sufficiently severe and/ or persistent to be causing significant distress or functional impairment
Mild depression is diagnosed when…
2 core and 2 other symptoms present
Moderate depression is diagnosed when…
2 core and 3 or 4 others
Severe depression is diagnosed when…
3 core and at least 4 others
What percentage of women get postnatal depression (approximately)?
10-15%
In post natal depression what thoughts are common?
Worries about the baby’s health
Ability to cope adequately with the baby
What are some risk factors for post natal depression?
Personal history of depression FH of depression Older age of mother Single mother Unwanted pregnancy Poor social support Previous PND
What is the lifetime prevalence of depression?
10-20%
Where does depression rank in global burden of disease?
2nd
What is the ratio of depression in male and females?
1:2
For people with mild-mod depression or subthreshold depression what treatment should be offered?
Consider psychological intervention - refer or self refer to IAPT, following assessment the following may be offered:
Low intensity psychology interventions
Group based CBT
Addition of group based peer support programme if chronic physical health problem
AVOID routine use of antidepressants
Consider if history of moderate or severe depression
Subthreshold symptoms that have persistent for long period (> 2 years)
What are the symptoms of hypomania?
Mildly elevated, expansive or irritable mood
Increased energy/activity
Increased self esteem
Sociability, talkativeness, over familiarity
Increased sex drive
Reduced need for sleep
Difficulty focusing on one task alone
Need several of the above features with considerable interference with work/ social activity for at least several days
What are the symptoms of mania?
Elevated/ expansive/ irritable mood (1 week)
Increased energy/ activity
Heightened sense of abilities/ prestige, increased self worth
Pressure of speech reflecting fast thoughts
Flight of ideas/ racing thoughts
Distractible - switching from one activity to another without finishing either
Reduced need for sleep
Increased libido
Social inhibition lost - may include sexual behaviour, often compulsive actions such as gambling, spending lots of money, dangerous driving
Altered perceptions - perceiving colours as brighter and sounds louder
Psychotic symptoms - delusions and hallucinations (usually auditory, second person talking to the patient)
What are 2 persistent mood disorders?
Cyclothymia
Dysthymia
What is cyclothymia?
Cyclical mood swings with sub clinical features
Early onset/ chronic course
Common in relatives of BPD
What is dysthymia?
Chronic low mood not fulfilling the criteria of depression
What is mixed affective state?
Either a mixture or a rapid alternation (usually within a few hours) of hypomanic, manic and depressive symptoms
What is bipolar I ?
At least 1 manic or mixed episode with or without depressive episodes
What is bipolar II?
1 or more depressive episodes with at least 1 hypomanic episode
What is the prevalence of bipolar mood disorder?
1-2%
What is the median age of onset of bipolar disorder?
25 years old
