Mood Disorders

Question 1

Unipolar vs Bipolar Mood Disorders

Answer 1

• Unipolar- center around one pole (delression

- Bipolar- vacillates between two poles (mania/depression

Question 2

Four Mood Episodes

Answer 2

Major Depressive
Manic
Hypomanic
Mixed

Question 3

Major Depressive Disorder Criteria

Answer 3

• Symptoms must last 2 weeks
  A. Major depressive episode
  B. Course significant distress/impairment
  E. Never a manic or hypomanic episode in personal history

Trying to get depressive episode to end

Question 4

Bipolar I Criteria

Answer 4

• 1 or more distinct manic episode
• Can have psychosis present only during mood episodes (manic or depressive). Major depressive episode not required
• Manic episode 1 week+ or ANY hospitalization

Question 5

Bipolar II

Answer 5

• 1+ hypomanic episodes greater than/equal to 4 days
• 1+ major depressive episodes
• No need for hospitalization

Question 6

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 6

• Depressed mood…
• More days than not for more than 2 yrs with no breaks longer than 2 months (over 1 yr for minors)
• Causes significant distress

Question 7

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 7

• Distinct periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms
• Never meets criteria for mood episode.
• Over 2 yrs (1 yr for minor)
• mood symptoms present more than 1/2 the time, not without symptoms for over 2 months
• No manic, hypomanic, or depressive episodes ever

Question 8

Depression Treatments

Answer 8

CBT
Psychodynamic therapy
Couples therapy
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Narrative therapy
Exercise
High-intensity light therapy
Electrical stimulation of brain
ECT

SSRIs
SNRIs
Atypical Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 9

Bipolar Treatments

Answer 9

Psychotherapy to improve medication outcomes
Psychoeducation
CBT
Tracking target symptoms
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

Mood stabilizers
Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Depakote

Question 10

Depression/Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

Answer 10

Core symptoms same as in adults
Some symptoms look different:
- separation anxiety, academic problems, truancy, school failure
- somatic complaints, irritability, social withdrawal
- psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia,

Question 11

Bipolar in Child and Adolescents

Answer 11

Core experiences are same as adults
- initial symptoms often mistaken for hyperactivity
Some symptoms look different:
- less elation and euphoria
- destructive outbursts
- Rapid cycling and mixed states

Question 12

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Answer 12

• temper outbursts (verbal or physical) developmentally inconsistent
• Present for >= 1 yr
• Age of onset prior to 10

Question 13

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 13

• Pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness lasting 6+ months, with a nonsibling

Question 14

Conduct Disorder

Answer 14

• Persistent pattern of violating basic rights of others and societal norms,
• Aggression to people and animals
• Destruction of property
• Deceitfulness or theft
• serious violations of rules
• If 18+, criteria not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 15

Main Characteristics of Mood Disorders

Answer 15

Mood disturbance and/or experience of extreme affect

Question 16

Etiology of Bipolar

Answer 16

Medical conditions
Drugs and medications
Neurobiology
Genetic transmission 
Environmental influences less important

Question 17

Social Etiology of Depression

Answer 17

In response to an identifiable psychosocial stressor

Usually has little effect on physical functions like sleep, energy, appetite

Oppression including sexism, classism, poverty, homophobia, transphobia

Stressful situations

Question 18

Biologic Etiology of Depression

Answer 18

Emerges spontaneously without identifiable psychosocial stressor

Genetic heritability

Medical conditions

Drugs and medications

Decreased bright light exposure